Screening of Breast Cancer from Sweat Samples Analyzed by 2-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: A Preliminary Study.

Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in women. There is increasing interest in the development of non-invasive screening methods. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted through the metabolism of cancer cells are possible novel cancer biomarkers.

Volatile Organic Compounds of Malignant Breast Cancer Wounds: Identification and Odors.

Introduction: During the metabolic processes of malignant wounds, bacteria produce a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are responsible for malodors and may have a major impact on the patient's quality of life with a risk of isolation.

Objective: A translational study was conducted on 32 malignant breast wounds by combining the identification of bacterial strains present on wounds, the identification of VOCs produced by these bacterial strains, and sensory evaluation to assess odor intensity and quality of odorous bacteria.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two patients with malignant breast cancer wounds > 10 cm2 at various stages of the disease (curative or palliative) were included in the protocol.

A New Transcutaneous Method for Breast Cancer Detection with Dogs.

We developed a new transcutaneous method for breast cancer detection with dogs: 2 dogs were trained to sniff skin secretion samples on compresses that had been worn overnight by women on their breast, and to recognize a breast cancer sample among 4 samples. During the test, the dogs recognized 90.3% of skin secretion breast cancer samples.

Characterization of Breast Cancer Preclinical Models Reveals a Specific Pattern of Macrophage Polarization.

Drug discovery efforts have focused on the tumor microenvironment in recent years. However, few studies have characterized the stroma component in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMs). In this study, we characterized the stroma in various models of breast cancer tumors in mice.

Establishment of an Orthotopic Xenograft Mice Model of Retinoblastoma Suitable for Preclinical Testing.

Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer that occurs during childhood. The goal of current and future therapeutic strategies is to conserve the eye and visual function without using external beam radiotherapy, which is known to increase the risk of secondary cancers in genetically predisposed patients. Multimodality therapy (usually intravenous but also intra-arterial and intravitreal chemotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, cryotherapy, or brachytherapy) has recently improved the eye salvage rate in retinoblastoma and has led to a decreased need for external beam radiotherapy.

[Dressings for malodorous wounds].

While sensitivity to odours varies from one individual to another, bad smells can instinctively and uncontrollably induce nausea and revulsion. Different treatment strategies can be implemented. They consist in neutralising the odours, adding more pleasant smells and/or targeting the bacteria.

Activation of IFN/STAT1 signalling predicts response to chemotherapy in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer.

Background: Oestrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer is intrinsically sensitive to chemotherapy. However, tumour response is often incomplete, and relapse occurs with high frequency. The aim of this work was to analyse the molecular characteristics of residual tumours and early response to chemotherapy in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of breast cancer.

Predictive gene signature of response to the anti-TweakR mAb PDL192 in patient-derived breast cancer xenografts.

Purpose: (1) To determine TweakR expression in human breast cancers (BC), (2) evaluate the antitumor effect of the anti-TweakR antibody PDL192, used alone or after chemotherapy-induced complete remission (CR), on patient-derived BC xenografts (PDX) and (3) define predictive markers of response.

Experimental Design: TweakR expression was analyzed by IHC on patients and PDXs BC samples. In vivo antitumor effect of PDL192 was evaluated on eight TweakR-positive BC PDXs alone or after complete remission induced by a combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide.

Acquired resistance to endocrine treatments is associated with tumor-specific molecular changes in patient-derived luminal breast cancer xenografts.

Purpose: Patients with luminal breast cancer (LBC) often become endocrine resistant over time. We investigated the molecular changes associated with acquired hormonoresistances in patient-derived xenografts of LBC.

Experimental Design: Two LBC xenografts (HBCx22 and HBCx34) were treated with different endocrine treatments (ET) to obtain xenografts with acquired resistances to tamoxifen (TamR) and ovariectomy (OvaR).

Carbon nanotube translocation to distant organs after pulmonary exposure: insights from in situ (14)C-radiolabeling and tissue radioimaging.

Few approaches are available to investigate the potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to translocate to distant organs following lung exposure, although this needs to be taken into account to evaluate potential CNT toxicity. Here, we report a method for quantitative analysis of the tissue biodistribution of multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) as a function of time. The method relies on the use of in situ (14)C-radiolabeled MWCNTs and combines radioimaging of organ tissue sections to ex vivo analysis of MWCNTs by electron microscopy.

Optimization of tumor xenograft dissociation for the profiling of cell surface markers and nutrient transporters.

Metabolic adaptations and changes in the expression of nutrient transporters are known to accompany tumorigenic processes. Nevertheless, in the context of solid tumors, studies of metabolism are hindered by a paucity of tools allowing the identification of cell surface transporters on individual cells. Here, we developed a method for the dissociation of human breast cancer tumor xenografts combined with quantification of cell surface markers, including metabolite transporters.

Pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerization detects circulating tumor DNA in metastatic uveal melanoma.

Purpose: To develop a molecular tool to detect circulating tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) in the plasma from patients with uveal melanoma as a marker of tumor burden and monitor treatment efficacy.

Experimental Design: A real-time PCR was developed on the basis of bidirectional pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerization (bi-PAP) for the quantification of ctDNA using 3'blocked primer pairs specific for the 3 recurrent mutually exclusive mutations of Gα subunits GNAQ and GNA11.

Results: Sensitivity and specificity of bi-PAP were assessed on serial dilutions of tumor DNA in normal DNA for the 3 recurrent mutations.

Evaluation of the role of superoxide anions in endotoxin-induced impairment of beta-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilation in equine digital veins.

Objective: To investigate the role of superoxide anions in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced impairment of beta-adrenoceptor-mediated equine digital vein (EDV) vasodilation.

Sample Population: EDVs isolated from forelimbs of 24 healthy adult horses.

Procedures: Endothelium-intact or endothelium-denuded EDV rings were incubated with or without LPS (10 microg/mL) of Escherichia coli (O55:B5) for 4 hours.