Subconjunctival autologous muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A novel, minimally invasive approach for treating equine immune-mediated keratitis.

Objective: To establish the safety of subconjunctival injections of autologous muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mdMSCs) in healthy horses and to evaluate their effect in four horses (six eyes) with severe chronic equine immune-mediated keratitis (IMMK) that was unresponsive to medical treatments.

Methods: MdMSCs were cultured from minimally invasive muscle biopsies. In the safety group, four healthy horses received two subconjunctival injections of 2.

Identification of an ectopic periorbital lymph node in two horses.

Background: To describe the clinical presentation and treatment of an ectopic periorbital lymph node in two young horses.

Case Description: Two warm-blood horses were presented at the equine clinic of the University of Liège with a periorbital non-painful mass. Differential diagnosis included neoplasm (lymphoma), (sterile) abscess, cyst, ectopic lacrimal gland tissue, hematoma, adipose tissue, or ectopic lymphoid tissue.

Equine ulcerative keratitis in Belgium: Associated bacterial isolates and in vitro antimicrobial resistance in 200 eyes.

Purpose: To describe bacterial isolates and associated antibiotic resistance from horses with ulcerative keratitis in Belgium.

Methods: Medical records from horses with ulcerative keratitis presented to the ophthalmology service of the Veterinary teaching hospital of Liege, Belgium, between 2014 and 2021 were evaluated. Bacterial isolates were identified and VITEK 2 (Biomérieux) provided antimicrobial susceptibility testing and resistance detection.

Retinal detachment secondary to vitreoretinopathy in two closely related warmblood horses.

Background: To describe the clinical, diagnostic imaging, and histopathological findings of two visually impaired closely related horses and to identify a possible cause.

Case Description: Two warmblood horses, with a common dam and sire, were presented to the ophthalmology department of Liège for investigation of impaired vision. Information collected included physical and ophthalmic examination findings, results of ocular ultrasound, electroretinogram, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histopathology.

Onset and duration of cis-atracurium neuromuscular block during fentanyl and lidocaine infusions in isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs.

Background: This retrospective study assessed the onset and duration of the neuromuscular block (NMB) induced by cis-atracurium 0.15 mg/kg intravenously with and without fentanyl or lidocaine infusions in 45 isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs.

Methods: Dogs with neuromuscular function assessed by a calibrated train-of-four (TOF) monitor with stimulation (every 13 s) of the peroneal nerve were included.

Orbital compartment syndrome resulting in unilateral blindness in two dogs.

Orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is described in humans as an acute rise in intraorbital pressure following a severe and rapidly evolving orbital affection. It includes orbital oedema, haemorrhage or infection causing a marked reduction in local blood perfusion, and severely affecting the orbital neurovascular structures. If not promptly recognised and treated, it results in irreversible blindness.

Use of Nasotracheal Intubation during General Anesthesia in Two Ponies with Tracheal Collapse.

Ponies with tracheal collapse may have an increased anesthetic risk due to airway obstruction during induction and recovery. To our knowledge, there are no anesthetic descriptions of these patients, despite a reported 5.6% incidence and 77% mortality rate.