The relevance and accuracy of an AI algorithm-based descriptor on 23 facial attributes in a diverse female US population.

Background: The response of AI in situations that mimic real life scenarios is poorly explored in populations of high diversity.

Objective: To assess the accuracy and validate the relevance of an automated, algorithm-based analysis geared toward facial attributes devoted to the adornment routines of women.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, two diversified groups presenting similar distributions such as age, ancestry, skin phototype, and geographical location was created from the selfie images of 1041 female in a US population.

Accuracy and clinical relevance of an automated, algorithm-based analysis of facial signs from selfie images of women in the United States of various ages, ancestries and phototypes: A cross-sectional observational study.

Background: Real-life validation is necessary to ensure our artificial intelligence (AI) skin diagnostic tool is inclusive across a diverse and representative US population of various ages, ancestries and skin phototypes.

Objectives: To explore the relevance and accuracy of an automated, algorithm-based analysis of facial signs in representative women of different ancestries, ages and phototypes, living in the same country.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study of selfie images of 1041 US women, algorithm-based analyses of seven facial signs were automatically graded by an AI-based algorithm and by 50 US dermatologists of various profiles (age, gender, ancestry, geographical location).

[A brief history of artificial intelligence].

For more than a decade, we have witnessed an acceleration in the development and the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. In medicine, it impacts clinical and fundamental research, hospital practices, medical examinations, hospital care or logistics. These in turn contribute to improvements in diagnostics and prognostics, and to improvements in personalised and targeted medicine, advanced observation and analysis technologies, or surgery and other assistance robots.

An animal-to-human scaling law for blast-induced traumatic brain injury risk assessment.

Despite recent efforts to understand blast effects on the human brain, there are still no widely accepted injury criteria for humans. Recent animal studies have resulted in important advances in the understanding of brain injury due to intense dynamic loads. However, the applicability of animal brain injury results to humans remains uncertain.

Three-dimensional elastomeric scaffolds designed with cardiac-mimetic structural and mechanical features.

Tissue-engineered constructs, at the interface of material science, biology, engineering, and medicine, have the capacity to improve outcomes for cardiac patients by providing living cells and degradable biomaterials that can regenerate the native myocardium. With an ultimate goal of both delivering cells and providing mechanical support to the healing heart, we designed three-dimensional (3D) elastomeric scaffolds with (1) stiffnesses and anisotropy mimicking explanted myocardial specimens as predicted by finite-element (FE) modeling, (2) systematically varied combinations of rectangular pore pattern, pore aspect ratio, and strut width, and (3) structural features approaching tissue scale. Based on predicted mechanical properties, three scaffold designs were selected from eight candidates for fabrication from poly(glycerol sebacate) by micromolding from silicon wafers.

Anisotropic collagen fibrillogenesis within microfabricated scaffolds: implications for biomimetic tissue engineering.

Anisotropic collagen fibrillogenesis is demonstrated within the pores of an accordion-like honeycomb poly(glycerol sebacate) tissue engineering scaffold. Confocal reflectance microscopy and image analysis demonstrate increased fibril distribution order, fibril density, and alignment in accordion-like honeycomb pores compared with collagen gelled unconstrained. Finite element modeling predicts how collagen gel and scaffold mechanics couple in matching native heart muscle stiffness and anisotropy.

Laser microfabricated poly(glycerol sebacate) scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering.

Microfabricated poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) scaffolds may be applicable to tissue engineering heart valve leaflets by virtue of their controllable microstructure, stiffness, and elasticity. In this study, PGS scaffolds were computationally designed and microfabricated by laser ablation to match the anisotropy and peak tangent moduli of native bovine aortic heart valve leaflets. Finite element simulations predicted PGS curing conditions, scaffold pore shape, and strut width capable of matching the scaffold effective stiffnesses to the leaflet peak tangent moduli.

Finite element analysis of an accordion-like honeycomb scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering.

Optimizing the function of tissue engineered cardiac muscle is becoming more feasible with the development of microfabricated scaffolds amenable to mathematical modeling. In the current study, the elastic behavior of a recently developed poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) accordion-like honeycomb (ALH) scaffold [Engelmayr et al., 2008.