Incidence, associated factors, and effect on renal function of amoxicillin crystalluria in patients receiving high doses of intravenous amoxicillin (The CRISTAMOX Study): A cohort study.

Background: Amoxicillin crystalluria (AC), potentially responsible for acute kidney injury (AKI), is reported more and more frequently in patients treated with high doses of intravenous amoxicillin (HDIVA). The main objective of this study was to evaluate AC incidence in these patients. The secondary objectives were to identify factors associated with AC and to evaluate its impact on the risk of AKI.

Duration of first-line antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected treatment-naive patients in routine practice.

Background: First-line antiretroviral therapy (1st ART) is an important step in a patient's management and often considered a long-term therapy at treatment initiation.

Methods: To describe the duration of 1st ART and the factors associated with treatment modification in a recent real-life setting, antiretroviral-naive patients who began their 1st ART in six French hospitals in 2009-2012 were included in a cohort. Clinical, immunological, virological and therapeutic data, as well as the reasons for therapeutic changes, if any, were retrospectively collected.

A leukocyte score to improve clinical outcome predictions in bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in adults.

Background: Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (BPP) is associated with high and early mortality. A simple procedure to predict mortality is crucial.

Methods: All adult patients with BPP admitted from 2005 through 2013 to the University Hospital of Dijon, France, were enrolled to study 30-day mortality and associated factors, particularly leukocyte counts.

Therapeutic management and evolution of chronic hepatitis B: does HIV still have an impact? The EPIB 2012 study.

Background & Aims: To compare the management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and its evolution over time in currently followed HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.

Methods: A total of 709 consecutive patients with past or present positive HBs antigenemia seen in October 2012 in 19 French participating centres were included. The data were retrospectively collected from the first visit onwards through standardized questionnaires.

Impact of fluoroquinolone resistance on bactericidal and sterilizing activity of a moxifloxacin-containing regimen in murine tuberculosis.

It has been shown previously that fluoroquinolone resistance (defined by resistance to at least 2 mg/liter ofloxacin) has a different impact on moxifloxacin monotherapy depending on the mutation in the sole fluoroquinolone target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, i.e., DNA gyrase.