Innate Lymphoid Cells in Autoimmune Diseases.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a heterogeneous group of immune cells characterized by lymphoid morphology and cytokine profile similar to T cells but which do not express clonally distributed diverse antigen receptors. These particular cells express transcription factors and cytokines reflecting their similarities to T helper (Th)1, Th2, and Th17 cells and are therefore referred to as ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3. Other members of the ILC subsets include lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) and regulatory ILC (ILCreg).

[Biologics and systemic lupus erythematosous : new insights and perspectives].

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex autoimmune disease that remains challenging to treat. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE pave the way for the evaluation of biologic medicine. The most promising therapeutic targets in SLE are those that interfere with B cells count or normal function, interferon inhibitors, JAK inhibitors and biologicals that alter the cytokines imbalance that characterizes SLE.

[Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps : is there a place for monoclonal antibodies in 2020 ?].

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a severe form of chronic rhinosinusitis, which has a strong negative impact on quality of life. Rhinoscopy is helpful for diagnosis, and initial management depends on intra-nasal corticosteroids and sometimes short-term oral corticosteroids (1 to 3 weeks). If well-conducted drug therapy fails, surgery is considered.

[Allergy to furry animals: myth and reality].

Allergy to furry animals is a frequent health issue, and should be suspected when investigating any yearlong rhinoconjonctivitis or asthma. A detailed medical history and skin prick tests are usually sufficient for diagnosis, and if necessary, specific IgE testing may be performed. In case of proven hypersensitivity, avoidance of animal allergens is the main therapeutic measure, primarily by removing the animal from the patient's environment, in association with symptomatic treatment.

IL-27-Induced Type 1 Regulatory T-Cells Produce Oxysterols that Constrain IL-10 Production.

The behaviors of lymphocytes, including CD4 T helper cells, are controlled on many levels by internal metabolic properties. Lipid metabolites have recently been ascribed a novel function as immune response modulators and perturbation of steroids pathways modulates inflammation and potentially promotes a variety of diseases. However, the impact of lipid metabolism on autoimmune disease development and lymphocyte biology is still largely unraveled.

EBI2 Expression and Function: Robust in Memory Lymphocytes and Increased by Natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis.

The interaction between oxysterols and the G protein-coupled receptor Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2) fine-tunes immune cell migration, a mechanism efficiently targeted by several disease-modifying treatments developed to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), such as natalizumab. We previously showed that memory CD4 T lymphocytes migrate specifically in response to 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) via EBI2 in the MS murine model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, the EBI2 expression profile in human lymphocytes in both healthy and MS donors is unknown.

Response of mucocutaneous lesions to rituximab in a case of melanoma differentiation antigen 5-related dermatomyositis.

We report the first case in Western Europe of a person presenting with dermatomyositis associated with melanoma differentiation antigen 5 antibodies. She sequentially developed severe mucocutaneous erythematous and itchy lesions of the face, scalp, neck, knees and recurrent aphthae. In addition she presented painful, periungual, edematous digital lesions and small ulcers with digital necrosis.