Proteasome and antioxidant responses in Cottus gobio during a combined exposure to heat stress and cadmium.

Temperature and trace metals are common environmental stressors, and their importance is increasing due to global climate change and anthropogenic pollution. Oxidative damage and antioxidant properties have been studied in liver and gills of the European bullhead (Cottus gobio) subjected to cadmium (CdCl(2) at nominal concentrations of 0.01 and 1mg/L) for 4 days at either 15°C or 21°C.