Where have all the beads gone? Fate of microplastics in a closed exposure system and their effects on clearance rates in Mytilus spp.

The fate of microplastic particles (MP) in exposure experiments is mostly unclear. We measured the recovery of polystyrene (PS) microbeads, which were applied in various concentrations from 0.07 to 47.

Avoidance behavior of juvenile common toads (Bufo bufo) in response to surface contamination by different pesticides.

Most agricultural soils are expected to be contaminated with agricultural chemicals. As the exposure to pesticides can have adverse effects on non-target organisms, avoiding contaminated areas would be advantageous on an individual level, but could lead to a chemical landscape fragmentation with disadvantages on the metapopulation level. We investigated the avoidance behavior of juvenile common toads (Bufo bufo) in response to seven pesticide formulations commonly used in German vineyards.