Cross-sectional evaluation of the association between greenness and cognitive performance in Mexican pre-pubertal boys.

Background: Evidence shows that greenspace exposure benefits children's health and cognitive development. However, evidence assessing this association in young children in low- and middle-income economies is scarce.

Objective: To assess the association between exposure to greenness and cognitive performance in pre-pubertal boys living in Mexico City.

Specific biomarker comparison in current smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers.

Introduction: This study aims to address the existing gap in the literature, while adding evidence, by comparing tobacco-specific biomarkers (cotinine and nitrosamines: NNK, NNAL, NNN), and other biomarkers of e-cigarette use (humectants: glycerol, 1,2-PD, 1,3-PD) according to five study groups.

Methods: A pooling analysis including two different studies was conducted. In both analyses, we took saliva samples from smokers (n = 409) and non-smokers (n = 154), dual tobacco and e-cig users (n = 92), exclusive e-cig user with nicotine (n = 158), and exclusive e-cig users without nicotine (n = 38).

Association between recreational screen time and excess weight and obesity assessed with three sets of criteria in Spanish residents aged 2-14 years.

Introduction And Objective: Studies that assess the association between excess weight and screen time in childhood and adolescence are methodologically heterogeneous, and few studies have analysed the exposure to smartphones and tablets. Our study aimed to assess the association between daily recreational screen time and excess weight (overweight+obesity) and obesity in children aged 2-14 years residing in Spain using different sets of standards.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey (N=4528).

Relationship between double COVID-19 vaccine uptake and trust in effectiveness and safety of vaccination in general in 23 Member states of the European Union: an ecological study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between double COVID-19 vaccine uptake and trust in effectiveness and safety of vaccination in general in 23 European Union (EU) countries.

Methods: Ecological study. Data was retrieved from the Flash Eurobarometer 494 and Our World in Data.

Knowledge and Opinions of Healthcare Professionals about Thirdhand Smoke: A Multi-National, Cross-Sectional Study.

There is scarce evidence on the knowledge and opinions about third-hand smoke (THS) of health care professionals. The main aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and opinions of health care professionals about THS and, secondarily, to explore the factors that are associated with this knowledge. Cross-sectional study using a snowball sample of multi-national health care professionals (n = 233).

Compliance Surveillance of the Tobacco Control Legislation in a Spanish Region and Characterization of Passive Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and E-Cig in Children in Outdoor Spaces.

(1) Background: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has decreased in recent years in Spain, due to the implementation of tobacco control policies. However, there is no regulation that protects against second-hand smoke (SHS) in outdoor environments. Our goal is to describe the smoking prohibition signage in public spaces and to characterize tobacco consumption in outdoor environments describing the SHS exposure in children.

Association between biomarkers of tobacco consumption and lung cancer risk among daily smokers.

Background: Biomarkers of tobacco consumption may play a role in the lung cancer risk assessment. However, the role of salivary biomarkers has not been well studied. The aim of this study is to assess the use of salivary biomarkers of tobacco consumption as lung cancer screening criterion.

Association between Leisure Screen Time and Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Spanish Children.

Objective: To assess the relation between leisure screen time and emotional and behavioral problems in Spanish children aged 4-14 years.

Study Design: This cross-sectional study used a representative sample of children aged 4-14 years included in the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey (n = 4073). Emotional and behavioral problems of children were assessed through the parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Differences in sleep duration in a territory with the same time zone according to the geographic longitude: the Spanish case.

Objective/background: In some territories, such as Spain, daytime starts with around 1 h of difference between the easternmost and westernmost areas, but the time zone is the same in these areas. This difference might have an effect on children's sleep. The aim of this study is to assess if there are differences in the prevalence of short sleep duration between children under 15 years from easternmost (Catalonia) and westernmost (Galicia) continental territory areas in Spain.

Association between Leisure Screen Time and Junk Food Intake in a Nationwide Representative Sample of Spanish Children (1-14 Years): A Cross-Sectional Study.

Evidence on the association between new patterns of leisure screen time and junk food consumption in Spanish children at the national level is scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the relation between daily leisure screen time and the frequency of sweet, soft drink, fast food, and snack intake in a representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents aged from 1 to 14 years. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a representative sample of the Spanish population under 15 years recruited for the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey (n = 5480).

Smartphone and Tablet Usage during COVID-19 Pandemic Confinement in Children under 48 Months in Barcelona (Spain).

Background: Total lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic might have potentially increased screen time in children. This study aims to describe the smartphone and tablets usage in children under 48 months living in Barcelona during the COVID-19 confinement.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using a non-probabilistic sample of parents with children under 48 months living in Barcelona (Spain) during COVID-19 confinement (n = 313).

How do infants and toddlers sleep in Spain? A cross-sectional study.

There is limited information on sleep patterns among infants and toddlers in Spain. The aim of this study was to assess sleep patterns in children three to 36 months of age in Spain. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2017 and February 2018.

Association of screen time and sleep duration among Spanish 1-14 years old children.

Background: Due to the change in screen time usage in the last decade, there is needed to add more evidence about the relationship of screen time and sleep duration.

Objective: To assess the association between screen time and sleep duration among Spanish children between 1 and 14 years old.

Methods: We used data from the 2017 Spanish National Health survey, conducted on a representative sample of the Spanish population.

Estimation of the Risk of Lung Cancer in Women Participating in a Population-Based Breast Cancer Screening Program.

Introduction: Lung cancer mortality is increasing in women. In Spain, estimates suggest that lung cancer mortality may soon surpass breast cancer mortality, the main cause of cancer mortality among women. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of women at high risk of developing lung cancer in a group of participants in a population-based breast cancer screening program.

Relation between tobacco control policies and population at high risk of lung cancer in the European Union.

Introduction: Lung cancer accounts for nearly 2 million deaths per year worldwide, the majority of cases due to smoking as the main risk factor associated. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between the level of implementation of tobacco control policies and the population at high risk of lung cancer in the European Union (EU).

Methods: The Special Eurobarometer 458 "Attitudes of Europeans towards tobacco and electronic cigarettes", conducted in 2017, and the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) 2010, 2013, and 2016 were the sources of our data.

[Support to smoking regulation in private vehicles and public outdoor spaces].

Objective: To know the support of tobacco regulation is a very important issue to advance in the tobacco control policies and reduce the passive exposure to tobacco. The aim of this study was to describe the attitudes towards forbidding smoking in private vehicles and public outdoor spaces.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a representative sample (n=736) of the adult population (24+ years old) from Barcelona, Spain in 2013-2014.

[Prevalence of smoke-free homes and passive exposure to tobacco in pediatric population (children from 3 to 36 months)].

Objective: Pediatric population is the most vulnerable to secondhand smoke (SHS), exposure being households the main source of exposure in children. The objective of this study is to describe smoke-free households and the prevalence of SHS in the pediatric population (from 3 to 36 months) in Spain.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1,368 parents, mothers or guardians with children from 3 to 36 months carried out in Spain from March to November of 2017 through an online questionnaire as part of the EPISON study.

Comparison of TSNAs concentration in saliva according to type of tobacco smoked.

Objective: To compare tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) measured in saliva according to different types of tobacco smoked in a sample of smokers of the city of Barcelona (Spain).

Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional study of a sample of the adult smoking population of Barcelona, Spain in 2013-2014 (n = 165). We classified smokers in five groups according to the type of tobacco smoked: a) manufactured cigarettes only, b) roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes only, c) dual smokers (both manufactured and RYO cigarettes), d) manufactured plus other types of tobacco products different from RYO and e) other types of tobacco products different from manufactured and RYO cigarettes.

Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in Spanish salaried workers: evidence from 15 614 men and women.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of Spanish workers with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and those at risk of developing MetS in 2015.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of workers (n = 15 614). We used a modified definition of the NCEP:ATPIII criteria for MetS (we used body mass index (BMI) above 28.

Estimation of the adult population at high risk of developing lung cancer in the European Union.

Background Lung cancer mortality accounts for over 266,000 deaths in the European Union (EU) every year, most of them attributed to smoking. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the adult population at high risk of developing lung cancer in the EU in 2014. Methods This is a cross-sectional study.