Key findings from the WHO collaborative study on substitution therapy for opioid dependence and HIV/AIDS.

Aims: Opioid substitution treatment has been studied extensively in industrialized countries, but there are relatively few studies in developing/transitional countries. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of opioid substitution treatment (OST) in less resourced countries.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Risk of prevalent HIV infection associated with incarceration among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand: case-control study.

Objectives: To identify risks for HIV infection related to incarceration among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand.

Design: Case-control study of sexual and parenteral exposures occurring before, during, and after the most recent incarceration.

Setting: Metropolitan Bangkok.