The long term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of initiating treatment for ocular hypertension.

Purpose: To investigate the long-term health and economic consequences of direct treatment initiation in ocular hypertension patients.

Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis with a societal perspective and a lifelong horizon was performed. The primary outcomes were the incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs of direct pressure-lowering treatment for ocular hypertension, compared to a strategy where treatment is postponed until conversion to glaucoma has been observed.

Ocular hypertension and the risk of blindness.

Purpose: To estimate the risk of blindness in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) using an appropriate model and current empirical data.

Design: A Markov model with data from a systematic literature review.

Methods: A Markov model with 3 health states was built: OHT, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and unilateral blindness.

The long-term outcomes of four alternative treatment strategies for primary open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term effects and costs of four treatment strategies for primary open-angle glaucoma compared to usual care.

Methods: Cost-effectiveness analyses with a lifelong horizon were made from a societal perspective. Data were generated with a patient-level model based on discrete event simulation.

The role of the expected value of individualized care in cost-effectiveness analyses and decision making.

Objective: To explore the feasibility and potential role of the expected value of individualized care (EVIC) framework.

Methods: The EVIC quantifies how much benefits are forgone when a treatment decision is based on the best-expected outcomes in the population rather than in the individual patient. We have reviewed which types of patient-level attributes contribute to the EVIC and how they affect the interpretation of the outcomes.

Modeling complex treatment strategies: construction and validation of a discrete event simulation model for glaucoma.

Objective: Discrete event simulation (DES) modeling has several advantages over simpler modeling techniques in health economics, such as increased flexibility and the ability to model complex systems. Nevertheless, these benefits may come at the cost of reduced transparency, which may compromise the model's face validity and credibility. We aimed to produce a transparent report on the construction and validation of a DES model using a recently developed model of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.

[Cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel vs. aspirin treatment in high-risk acute coronary syndrome patients in Denmark].

Introduction: The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel versus aspirin (ASA) in Denmark in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in three high-risk CAPRIE populations: (1) patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, (2) patients with a history of ischemic events and (3) patients with multiple vascular territory involvement. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel versus no treatment in ASA-intolerant patients was estimated.

Materials And Methods: Clinical, epidemiological and cost data (Danish estimates) were combined in a Markov model.

Prevalence and incidence of severe sepsis in Dutch intensive care units.

Introduction: Severe sepsis is a dreaded consequence of infection and necessitates intensive care treatment. Severe sepsis has a profound impact on mortality and on hospital costs, but recent incidence data from The Netherlands are not available. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of severe sepsis occurring during the first 24 hours of admission in Dutch intensive care units (ICUs).

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the hypothermic and corticosterone effects of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist flesinoxan.

The current investigation describes the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation of the hypothermic and the corticosterone effect of flesinoxan in the rat simultaneously. A specific objective was to determine the influence of handling the animal. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation was determined following intravenous administration of 3 and 10 mg/kg flesinoxan in 5 or 15 min.