Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli Causing Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

(1) Background: Peritonitis due to nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NF-GNB) is a dramatic complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with bad outcomes. Previous studies of PD-related peritonitis due to species have shown a low-resolution rate, without a high resistance rate to antipseudomonal antibiotics. This suggests that bacterial virulence factors can act and influence peritonitis evolution.

Clinical and microbiological factors predicting outcomes of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis.

Peritonitis due to gram-negative bacilli (GNB), particularly nonfermenting GNB (NF-GNB), is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis with a low resolution rate. Beyond the patient's condition, microbiological properties such as antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production and other virulence factors can explain the poor outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of patient condition, microbiological characteristics, including biofilm production, and treatment on peritonitis outcome.

Incidence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in a single center using molecular methods.

Purpose: Peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) is the most frequent cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-infections in many centers. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of CNS isolated from PD-peritonitis in a Brazilian single center, focusing on the genetic determinants conferring methicillin resistance.

Methods: Bacterial strains were isolated from peritoneal fluid of patients presenting PD-peritonitis, identified by phenotypic and molecular methods, and those identified as CNS were submitted to mecA detection, SCCmec, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

Genomic and Clinical Characterization of IMP-1-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Isolates from Bloodstream Infections in a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital.

is the main species of the genus; however, non- (NBA) species causing infections have been described for the past years, as well as antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we describe the occurrence of two multidrug-resistant (MDR) IMP-1-producing isolates recovered from bloodstream infections in different patients but in the same intensive care unit among 134 carbapenem-resistant screened. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance to carbapenems, extended spectrum, and antipseudomonad cephalosporins, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Emergence and Persistence of High-Risk Clones Among MDR and XDR at a Brazilian Teaching Hospital.

Dissemination of carbapenem-resistant is currently one of the priority themes discussed around the world, including in Brazil, where this pathogen is considered endemic. A total of 107 carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) isolates were collected from patients with bacteraemia attended at a teaching hospital in Brazil from 2008 to 2014. From these samples, 104 (97.

Fungal peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Brazil: molecular identification, biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility of the agents.

This paper presents data on fungal peritonitis (FP) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) at the University Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. In a total of 422 patients, 30 developed FP, from which the medical records and the fungal isolates of 23 patient cases were studied. All patients presented abdominal pain, cloudy peritoneal effluent, needed hospitalization, had the catheter removed and were treated with fluconazole or fluconazole plus 5-flucitosine; six of them died due to FP.

Overlapped sequence types (STs) and serogroups of avian pathogenic (APEC) and human extra-intestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) Escherichia coli isolated in Brazil.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains belong to a category that is associated with colibacillosis, a serious illness in the poultry industry worldwide. Additionally, some APEC groups have recently been described as potential zoonotic agents. In this work, we compared APEC strains with extraintestinal pathogenic E.

Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis due to coagulase-negative Staphylococcus: a review of 115 cases in a Brazilian center.

Background And Objectives: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) is the most frequent cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis in many centers. This study aimed to describe clinical and microbiologic characteristics of 115 CNS episodes and to determine factors influencing the outcome.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: This study reviewed the records of 115 CNS peritonitis episodes that occurred in 74 patients between 1994 and 2011 at a single university center.

Outbreak of fungemia caused by Candida parapsilosis in a neonatal intensive care unit: molecular investigation through microsatellite analysis.

Background: Opportunistic infections are an increasingly common problem in hospitals, and the yeast Candida parapsilosis has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen, especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) where it has been responsible for outbreak cases. Risk factors for C. parapsilosis infection in neonates include prematurity, very low birth weight, prolonged hospitalization, indwelling central venous catheters, hyperalimentation, intravenous fatty emulsions and broad spectrum antibiotic therapy.

Detection of SPM and IMP metallo-β-lactamases in clinical specimens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Brazilian public tertiary hospital.

Phenotypic and genotypic SPM and IMP metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) detection and also the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to imipenem, meropenem and ceftazidime were evaluated in 47 multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens. Polymerase chain reaction detected 14 positive samples to either blaSPM or blaIMP genes, while the best phenotypic assay (ceftazidime substrate and mercaptopropionic acid inhibitor) detected 13 of these samples. Imipenem, meropenem and ceftazidime MICs were higher for MBL positive compared to MBL negative isolates.

Species distribution and susceptibility profile of Candida species in a Brazilian public tertiary hospital.

Background: Species identification and antifungal susceptibility tests were carried out on 212 Candida isolates obtained from bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections and dialysis-associated peritonitis, from cases attended at a Brazilian public tertiary hospital from January 1998 to January 2005.

Findings: Candida albicans represented 33% of the isolates, Candida parapsilosis 31.1%, Candida tropicalis 17.

Propolis: anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity and synergism with antimicrobial drugs.

Propolis is a natural resinous substance collected by bees from tree exudates and secretions. Its antimicrobial activity has been investigated and inhibitory action on Staphylococcus aureus growth was evaluated. The in vitro synergism between ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and antimicrobial drugs by two susceptibility tests (Kirby and Bauer and E-Test) on 25 S.