Best Practices for the Teaching and Assessing Population Health and Wellness.

Objective: To describe the concept of population health and wellness in the context of pharmacy education, curricular integration and assessment methods.

Findings: The definition of population health and wellness, different from public health, emphasizes the importance of environmental, biological, and social factors in determining population health outcomes. Various population health measures, including objective (mortality rates, life expectancy) and subjective (self-rated health, quality of life) indicators, can be used when teaching and assessing population-based care.

A Review of the Mycotoxin Family of Fumonisins, Their Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Methods of Detection and Effects on Humans and Animals.

Fumonisins, a class of mycotoxins predominantly produced by species, represent a major threat to food safety and public health due to their widespread occurrence in staple crops including peanuts, wine, rice, sorghum, and mainly in maize and maize-based food and feed products. Although fumonisins occur in different groups, the fumonisin B series, particularly fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2), are the most prevalent and toxic in this group of mycotoxins and are of public health significance due to the many debilitating human and animal diseases and mycotoxicosis they cause and their classification as by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a class 2B carcinogen (probable human carcinogen). This has made them one of the most regulated mycotoxins, with stringent regulatory limits on their levels in food and feeds destined for human and animal consumption, especially maize and maize-based products.

Protocol for single-molecule FISH in the developing mouse retinal vasculature.

The developing vasculature of the post-natal mouse retina is a powerful model to discover mechanisms of vessel formation and to test modulators of neovascularization. We present a protocol for single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) in whole-mount mouse retinas enabling the detection of individual mRNAs in vascular endothelial cells. We describe procedures from initial retina preparation to smFISH and detection.

Sitagliptin eye drops prevent the impairment of retinal neurovascular unit in the new Trpv2 rat model.

Impaired function of the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU) is an early event in diabetic retinopathy (DR). It has been previously shown that topical delivery of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin can protect against diabetes-mediated dysfunction of the retinal NVU in the db/db mouse. The aim of the present study was to examine whether sitagliptin could prevent the DR-like lesions within the NVU of the new non-diabetic model of DR, the Trpv2 knockout rat (Trpv2).

Determining Ideal Practices for Student Course Evaluations Using a Modified Delphi Approach.

Objective: While approaches for utilizing student course evaluations (SCEs) have been discussed in the literature, there remain opportunities to identify ideal practices for SCEs. Thus, the objective of this project was to generate consensus on best practices in creating, administering, and using SCEs.

Methods: A modified Delphi approach was utilized to generate a set of items based on the literature and prior work.

BP1003 Decreases STAT3 Expression and Its Pro-Tumorigenic Functions in Solid Tumors and the Tumor Microenvironment.

Overexpression and aberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) contribute to tumorigenesis, drug resistance, and tumor-immune evasion, making it a potential cancer therapeutic target. BP1003 is a neutral liposome incorporated with a nuclease-resistant P-ethoxy antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASO) targeting the STAT3 mRNA. Its unique design enhances BP1003 stability, cellular uptake, and target affinity.

Unicystic ameloblastoma: Clinico-radiological and histopathological correlation with management.

Unicystic ameloblastoma is a distinct entity of ameloblastoma characterized by slow growth and locally aggressive behavior. This retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of different treatment modalities of unicystic ameloblastoma, focusing on clinico-radiological and histopathological features. Data from patients diagnosed with unicystic ameloblastoma were retrospectively analyzed.

Telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the mandible-A rare case report and an insight into differential diagnosis.

Telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) is a rare variant of osteosarcoma that typically affects young individuals and long bones. The case under discussion was seen in the mandible of a 57-year-old female and had rapidly grown in size within a week. Microscopically, the tumour was characterised by large vascular cavities surrounded by anaplastic cells.

How did we get here? Evolution of specifications grading in a required skills-based course series.

Background And Purpose: Specifications grading is a mastery-based grading approach to unlock student potential and empower students to focus on learning goals while receiving and acting on meaningful feedback. Within specifications grading, bundles are created to group assignments and assessments. Based on student achievement within each bundle, overall course grade is determined.

Histological evaluation of decellularization of freeze dried and chemically treated indigenously prepared bovine pericardium membrane.

Decellularization is regarded as a xenogenic antigen-reduction technique because it effectively eliminates all cellular and nuclear components while mitigating any negative impact on the composition, biological functionality, and structural integrity of the remaining extracellular matrix. This study aimed to histologically evaluate native, freeze dried and chemically decellularized bovine pericardium membrane. Also, this study focused on preservation of extracellular matrix after decellularization.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: A histopathologic profile of 43 cases with evidence supporting a mixed odontogenic origin.

Background: Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT) accounts for 3% of all odontogenic tumors. It has been classified by WHO as an odontogenic tumor of purely epithelial origin. The current study attempts to establish the origin of the tumor along with detailed histopathological and clinicoradiographic analysis of 43 cases of AOT.

A Comparison of Telencephalon Composition among Chickens, Junglefowl, and Wild Galliforms.

Introduction: Domestication is the process of modifying animals for human benefit through selective breeding in captivity. One of the traits that often diverges is the size of the brain and its constituent regions; almost all domesticated species have relatively smaller brains and brain regions than their wild ancestors. Although the effects of domestication on the brain have been investigated across a range of both mammal and bird species, almost nothing is known about the neuroanatomical effects of domestication on the world's most common bird: the chicken (Gallus gallus).

The Clinical Emergency Data Registry: Structure, Use, and Limitations for Research.

The Clinical Emergency Data Registry (CEDR) is a qualified clinical data registry that collects data from participating emergency departments (EDs) in the United States for quality measurement, improvement, and reporting purposes. This article aims to provide an overview of the data collection and validation process, describe the existing data structure and elements, and explain the potential opportunities and limitations for ongoing and future research use. CEDR data are primarily collected for quality reporting purposes and are obtained from diverse sources, including electronic health records and billing data that are de-identified and stored in a secure, centralized database.

Perceptions and Utility of Course Evaluations in US Pharmacy Schools.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the purpose, implementation, and perceived utility of course evaluations in pharmacy programs.

Methods: After a literature review, a 34-item survey was developed, pretested, and sent to assessment administrators at accredited pharmacy programs (N = 139) with at least 3 follow-ups. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed in IBM SPSS Statistics software.

Upregulation of miRNA-196a and miRNA-196b correlates with Bryne's prognostic score in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: microRNA(miRNA)-196a and miRNA-196b expression has been found to be dysregulated and involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in array of cancers through different targets. The role of these miRNAs together in clinical application is not always consistent and, its prognostic value in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still elusive. This study was performed to investigate the correlation of these miRNAs expression with histological grades of OSCC according to Bryne's histological grading system, to predict prognosis and to evaluate their relationship with clinico-pathological data.

An Interesting Case of Takayasu Arteritis With Acute Bilateral Pulmonary Thromboembolism.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is an autoimmune vasculitis with unknown etiology. It can have varied presentations ranging from nonspecific symptoms to florid vasculitic symptoms. Awareness of the complications of this disease is also vital in managing patients who are already diagnosed with TA.

Evaluation of Diagnostic Significance of Salivary miRNA-184 and miRNA-21 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.

Background: Altered levels of miRNAs might affect the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of salivary miRNA-21 and miRNA-184 in OSCC and OPMD.

Methods: We recruited a total of 90 subjects including OSCC, OPMD, and healthy controls.

The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku.

The timing of Tiwanaku's collapse remains contested. Here we present a generational-scale chronology of Tiwanaku using Bayesian models of 102 radiocarbon dates, including 45 unpublished dates. This chronology tracks four community practices: residing short- vs.