Unraveling SARS-CoV-2 Host-Response Heterogeneity through Longitudinal Molecular Subtyping.

Hospitalized COVID-19 patients exhibit diverse immune responses during acute infection, which are associated with a wide range of clinical outcomes. However, understanding these immune heterogeneities and their links to various clinical complications, especially long COVID, remains a challenge. In this study, we performed unsupervised subtyping of longitudinal multi-omics immunophenotyping in over 1,000 hospitalized patients, identifying two critical subtypes linked to mortality or mechanical ventilation with prolonged hospital stay and three severe subtypes associated with timely acute recovery.

PrEP your step: Implementing an online crowdsourcing contest to engage young people in HIV prevention in Washington DC, USA.

HIV incidence among young people (Black and Latinx women and men who have sex with men ages 16-24 years), in the United States is high. Traditional top-down approaches for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) social marketing are not effectively reaching this population. Crowdsourcing is a promising approach to engaging young people in the development of innovative solutions to raise awareness and use of PrEP among those at highest risk of HIV.

A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Intratympanic Gentamicin with Methylprednisolone in Meniere's Disease with Good Hearing.

Unlabelled: A randomized prospective parallel group trial was done to compare the efficacy of intratympanic low dose gentamicin with methylprednisolone in treating intractable unilateral Meniere's disease with serviceable hearing.

Study Design: Randomised prospective parallel group trial.

Setting: Tertiary care centre in South India.

Anal and Perianal Masses: The Common, the Uncommon, and the Rare.

A variety of tumors involve the anal canal because the anal canal forms the transition between the digestive system and the skin, and this anatomical region is made of a variety of different cells and tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for diagnosis and local staging of the anal canal and perianal neoplasms. In this pictorial review, we demonstrate the MRI anatomy of the anal canal and perianal region and display the imaging spectrum of tumors in the region along with an overview of its management.

Prevalence of CT-detected extramural vascular invasion in gastric adenocarcinoma and its correlation with other known prognostic factors.

Purpose: To study the prevalence of extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) and its association with other prognostic factors.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, consecutive patients with GA who underwent staging CT between January 2021 and December 2022 were included. Two radiologists reviewed the staging CT for EMVI and its grade and documented tumor location, thickness, and TNM stage.

Impalement injury of anorectum-A rare presentation.

Introduction: A rectal impalement injury is a rare type of penetrating injury that involves a solid object being forcefully inserted through anal opening. The removal of such injuries should be planned carefully with preparedness to assess and manage associated injuries in the pelvis and peri-anal region.

Case Description: An elderly female, around 65 years old, had a history of accidental penetration of an iron rod into her anal orifice.

Epidemiology of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder among female sex workers in Mbeya City, Tanzania.

Alcohol misuse is a global concern, contributing to 5.3% of total deaths and 132.6 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide.

Nature-Inspired Helicoidal Nanocellulose-Based Multi-Compartment Assemblies with Tunable Chiroptical Properties.

Cellulose-based nanocomposites are highly appealing for the development of next-generation sustainable functional materials. Although many advances have been made in this direction, the true potential of fibrillar nanocomposites has yet to be realized because available fabrication approaches are inadequate for achieving precise structural control at the sub-micrometer scale. Here a spray-assisted alignment methodology of cellulose nanofibrils is combined with the layer-by-layer assembly into an additive manufacturing process in which the alignment direction of each cellulose layer is rationally selected to achieve thin films with a helicoidal arrangement of the nanofibrils.

Host-microbe multiomic profiling reveals age-dependent immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19 immunopathology.

Age is a major risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet the mechanisms behind this relationship have remained incompletely understood. To address this, we evaluated the impact of aging on host immune response in the blood and the upper airway, as well as the nasal microbiome in a prospective, multicenter cohort of 1031 vaccine-naïve patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between 18 and 96 years old. We performed mass cytometry, serum protein profiling, anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody assays, and blood and nasal transcriptomics.

Intergenerational consequences of racism in the United Kingdom: a qualitative investigation into parents' exposure to racism and offspring mental health and well-being.

Background: Experiences of racism are linked to negative physical and mental health outcomes among those exposed. According to quantitative research derived mainly from the United States, these negative outcomes can have cascading effects in families, when parents' experiences of racism indirectly impact offspring. New research is warranted for families in the United Kingdom, informed by a qualitative approach to canvassing community knowledge and perspectives, exploring how existing findings relate to lived experiences.

Food insecurity in adults with severe mental illness living in Northern England: A co-produced cross-sectional study.

Aim: This study aimed to explore food insecurity prevalence and experiences of adults with severe mental illness living in Northern England.

Methods: This mixed-methods cross-sectional study took place between March and October 2022. Participants were adults with self-reported severe mental illness living in Northern England.

Direct Laser Writing of Silica Nanoparticle Nanocomposites: Probing Mechanical Reinforcement and Understanding Structural Color from Design Parameters.

Nanocomposite materials have been thoroughly exploited in additive manufacturing, as a means to alter physical, chemical, and optical properties of resulting structures. Herein, nanocomposite materials suitable for direct laser writing (DLW) by two-photon polymerization are presented. These materials, comprising silica nanoparticles, bring significant added value to the technology through physical reinforcement and controllable photonic properties.

Host-Microbe Multiomic Profiling Reveals Age-Dependent COVID-19 Immunopathology.

Age is a major risk factor for severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), yet the mechanisms responsible for this relationship have remained incompletely understood. To address this, we evaluated the impact of aging on host and viral dynamics in a prospective, multicenter cohort of 1,031 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, ranging from 18 to 96 years of age. We performed blood transcriptomics and nasal metatranscriptomics, and measured peripheral blood immune cell populations, inflammatory protein expression, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and anti-interferon (IFN) autoantibodies.

Features of acute COVID-19 associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 phenotypes: results from the IMPACC study.

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is a significant public health concern. We describe Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) on 590 participants prospectively assessed from hospital admission for COVID-19 through one year after discharge. Modeling identified 4 PRO clusters based on reported deficits (minimal, physical, mental/cognitive, and multidomain), supporting heterogenous clinical presentations in PASC, with sub-phenotypes associated with female sex and distinctive comorbidities.

Predicting Positive Radial Margin on Restaging MRI of Patients with Low Rectal Cancer: Can We Do Better?

 The aim of this study was to characterize the tissue involving the margin and study if this information will affect margin prediction on restaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in low rectal adenocarcinoma (LRC) patients treated with neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT).  In this retrospective study of nonmetastatic LRC (distal margin <5 cm from the anal verge) treated with LCCRT followed by surgery, a radiologist blinded to outcome reread the restaging MRI and documented if the radial margin was involved by tumor, fibrosis, or mucin reaction using T2 high-resolution (HR) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The diagnostic performance of tumor-involving margin on restaging MRI was assessed using surgical histopathology as a reference.

Food insecurity in adults with severe mental illness living in Northern England: Peer research interview findings.

Food insecurity means that a person does not have access to sufficient nutritious food for normal growth and health. Food insecurity can lead to many health problems such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and other long term health conditions. People living with a severe mental illness are more likely to experience food insecurity than people without mental illness.

Safety and feasibility of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients hospitalized with post-COVID-19 fibrosis: A feasibility study.

Background: Emerging data suggest a spectrum of pulmonary complications from COVID-19, ranging from dyspnea to difficult ventilator weaning and fibrotic lung damage. Prolonged hospitalization is known to significantly affect activity levels, impair muscle strength and reduce cardiopulmonary endurance.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and safety of inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and to explore effects on functional capacity, physical performance, fatigue levels, and functional status.

Integrated longitudinal multi-omics study identifies immune programs associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality in 1152 hospitalized participants.

Hospitalized COVID-19 patients exhibit diverse clinical outcomes, with some individuals diverging over time even though their initial disease severity appears similar. A systematic evaluation of molecular and cellular profiles over the full disease course can link immune programs and their coordination with progression heterogeneity. In this study, we carried out deep immunophenotyping and conducted longitudinal multi-omics modeling integrating ten distinct assays on a total of 1,152 IMPACC participants and identified several immune cascades that were significant drivers of differential clinical outcomes.

Coil Embolization as a Life-Saving Treatment for Pulmonary Artery Perforation Secondary to Large-Bore Catheterization.

We present a case of left pulmonary artery perforation during mechanical thrombectomy for treatment of pulmonary embolism. The patient's condition became hemodynamically unstable, with massive hemoptysis requiring intubation and multiple vasopressor agents. Prompt balloon tamponade and 0.

First-Principles Investigation on Delithiation Mechanisms in a Li-Rich Monoclinic LiMoO Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries.

LiMoO is a promising cathode material for high-capacity Li-ion batteries. However, during cycling, migration of Mo to Li sites results in capacity fading. The present study analyzed structural, electronic, electrochemical, and mechanical characteristics of ordered monoclinic 2/-LiMoO and found that this phase has improved electrochemical properties compared to the rhombohedral 3̅ phase.

Melanoma-the therapeutic considerations in the clinical practice.

The incidence of melanoma is increasing and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation remains the main risk factor. Public health measures have been vital in tackling the increased incidence and prevalence of melanoma. The management of melanoma has been revolutionised with the approval of new immunotherapy treatments (anti PD-1, CTLA-4 and LAG-3 antibodies) and targeted therapies (BRAF and MEK inhibitors).