Beta-arrestin1 phosphorylation by GRK5 regulates G protein-independent 5-HT4 receptor signalling.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been found to trigger G protein-independent signalling. However, the regulation of G protein-independent pathways, especially their desensitization, is poorly characterized. Here, we show that the G protein-independent 5-HT(4) receptor (5-HT(4)R)-operated Src/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, but not the G(s) pathway, is inhibited by GPCR kinase 5 (GRK5), physically associated with the proximal region of receptor' C-terminus in both human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells and colliculi neurons.

Assessment of solvent residues accessibility using three Sulfo-NHS-biotin reagents in parallel: application to footprint changes of a methyltransferase upon binding its substrate.

NHS-biotin modification as a specific lysine probe coupled to mass spectrometry detection is increasingly used over the past years for assessing amino acid accessibility of proteins or complexes as an alternative when well-established methods are challenged. We present a strategy based on usage in parallel of three commercially available reagents (Sulfo-NHS-biotin, Sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin, and Sulfo-NHS-LC-LC-biotin) to efficiently assess the solvent accessibility of amino acids using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The same qualitative pattern of reactivity was observed for these three reagents on the THUMPalpha protein at four reagent/polypeptide molar ratios (2 : 1, 6 : 1, 13 : 1, and 26 : 1).

Isolation of a proline-rich mycobacterial protein eliciting delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions only in guinea pigs immunized with living mycobacteria.

Effective protection against a virulent challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is induced only by a previous immunization with living attenuated mycobacteria, usually bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Living and killed bacteria share a number of common antigens. To identify and to purify molecules that are dominant antigens during immunization with living bacteria, a two-step selection procedure was used.

M. leprae and PPD-triggered T cell lines in tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy.

Proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to Mycobacterium leprae and bacillus Calmette Guerin-derived purified protein derivative (PPD) were studied in the presence or absence of interleukin 2 (IL 2) in high M. leprae responders (tuberculoid leprosy patients and healthy subjects) and low M. leprae responders (lepromatous leprosy patients).

Apparent increased sensitivity of mice to tuberculin by adding a non-specific inflammatory agent to the antigen.

The delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction at the site of tuberculin injection in immunised animals depends on the presence of sentisitised T-lymphocytes which interact with the antigen and recruit non-specific phagocytic cells. The intensity of DTH reaction was found to be related to the non-specific inflammatory stimulus created by antigen injection. The early plasma protein extravasation which occurred 0.

Evaluation of difficulties in the standardization of human and bovine tuberculins.

The tuberculins are made of mixtures of antigens. Certain elements are common to all tuberculins, others are particular to each one. Bovine and human tuberculins are widely different.

Search of a standard for the titration of antigen L.

The Antigen L is made of the 10 p.100 TCA precipitable proteins that remained after 2 p.100 TCA proteins precipitation of a live BCG culture filtrate.

Preparation of tuberculin antigen L.

The preparation of antigen L using culture filtrates of live BCG is described. The procedure consisted essentially of precipitating this filtrate with 10% trichloroacetic acid in the presence of N-butyl alcohol 4% final concentration. The precipitate was chromatographed on carboxy-methyl-trisacryl-M and then on DEAE-trisacryl-M; in both cases, maximal biological activity (delayed-type hypersensitivity) was found in the void volume.

[Antigen L, a new antigen from tubercle bacilli active in delayed hypersensitivity in animals sensitized with living bacilli (B.C.G.)].

This report described the occurrence of an antigen in the tubercle bacilli. The antigen, designated antigen L, was mainly active in delayed hypersensitivity reaction in Guinea Pigs sensitized with living bacilli such as the B.C.

[Different pathogenic power of the original BCG strain of the Pasteur Institute and of an isoniazid resistant strain. Histopathological study and significance of local abscesses after inoculation of guinea pig].

The inoculation into guinea pigs of 10 mg of BCG, obtained either from the Pasteur Institute original strain, or from a mutant isoniazid resistant strain, B1 catalase positive, caused in 40.4% of cases, the onset of abscesses at the point of injection. The frequency and course of these abscesses appear quite different with the two strains, 92.

[Comparative dose-effect relationship of a tuberculin standard on guinea pig sensitivity, using living and dead tuberculosis bacilli].

The sensitization of guinea pigs utilized for tuberculin titration may be obtained by a BCG primo-vaccination followed by an inoculation of live, virulent Myc. tuberculosis. This method, which results in a sub-evolutive form of tuberculosis, gives a satisfactory sensitization level but has the disadvantage of utilizing animals which are germ carriers and therefore dangerous.

Wax D from different bovine strains of Mycobacterium.

Wax D(P), a peptido-glycolipid found in extracts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. hominis, was not found in extracts of three strains of still-grown M. tuberculosis var.