Rat liver iodothyronine monodeiodinase. Evaluation of the iodothyronine ligand-binding site.

Ligand binding characteristics of rat liver microsomal type I iodothyronine deiodinase were evaluated by measuring dose-response inhibition and apparent Michaelis-Menten or inhibitor constants of iodothyronine analogues to compete as substrates or inhibitors for the natural substrate L-thyroxine. These data show strong correlations with the binding requirements of hormone analogues to serum thyroxine-binding prealbumin since iodothyronine analogues with a negatively charged side chain, a negative charge or hydrogen bonding function in the 4'-position, tetraiodo ring substitution, and a skewed hormone conformation are structural features shared in common which markedly affect enzyme activity and protein binding affinity. 3,3',5'-Triiodo-L-thyronine is the most potent natural substrate (IC50 = 0.

Inhibition of rat liver iodothyronine deiodinase. Interaction of aurones with the iodothyronine ligand-binding site.

We report that aurone derivatives of plant extracts produce potent, dose-dependent, and ultimately complete inhibition of three different metabolic monodeiodination pathways catalyzed by rat liver microsomal type I iodothyronine deiodinase. These data show that (3'),4',4,6-(tetra)trihydroxyaurones are the most potent naturally occurring plant-derived inhibitors of this deiodinase enzyme (IC50 V 0.5 microM).

Crystal structure of phlorizin and the iodothyronine deiodinase inhibitory activity of phloretin analogues.

Phloretin, a 7,8-dihydrochalcone of plant origin, and the high molecular weight (less than 15,000) polyphloretinphosphate (PPP) polymers are potent inhibitors of iodothyronine monodeiodinase activity from rat liver microsomal preparations, whereas phlorizin, the 2'-O-glucoside of phloretin, is inactive. The polymers, differing in degree of phosphorylation-dependent polymerization, exhibited a concentration-dependent, and ultimately complete, inhibition of deiodinase activity with an IC50 between 0.2 and 0.

The active principles of plant extracts with antithyrotropic activity: oxidation products of derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid.

We have recently reported that freeze-dried extracts (FDE) of certain plants form high molecular weight adducts with bovine TSH (bTSH), preventing it from binding to and stimulating adenylate cyclase in human thyroid membranes. We have now studied 34 pure compounds identical or structurally related to compounds present in FDE from Lycopus or Lithospermum, 2 of the 3 species of active plants studied previously. In studies conducted at 4 C in 20 mM Tris-HCl-0.

Extracts and auto-oxidized constituents of certain plants inhibit the receptor-binding and the biological activity of Graves' immunoglobulins.

Freeze-dried extracts (FDE) of the plants Lycopus virginicus, Lycopus europaeus, Melissa officinalis, and Lithospermum officinale, as well as products of the oxidation of certain of their constituents, have been shown to exert antithyrotropic activity by virtue of their ability to form adducts with TSH that bind weakly, if at all, to the TSH receptor. The thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) found in the blood of patients with Graves' disease (Graves'-IgG) resemble TSH in their ability to bind to the thyroid plasma membrane, probably at the TSH receptor, and to activate the gland. In view of this similarity, and since some of the aforementioned FDE have been used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease, we undertook studies of the effect of these FDE and their constituents on the binding and biological action of Graves'-IgG.

Inhibition by certain plant extracts of the binding and adenylate cyclase stimulatory effect of bovine thyrotropin in human thyroid membranes.

The present studies were undertaken to explore the mechanism by which, as previous studies have shown, freeze-dried aqueous extracts (FDE) of plants of the species Lycopus virginicus and Lycopus europaeus, Melissa officinalis (Laminaceae), and Lithospermum officinale (Boraginaceae) have the ability to inhibit at least many of the effects of exogenous and endogenous TSH on the thyroid gland. To this end, we have examined the in vitro effects of FDE from these plants on the ability of bovine TSH (bTSH) to both bind to human thyroid plasma membranes (TPM) and activate adenylate cyclase therein. FDE of these four species produced a dose-related, ultimately complete, inhibition of the binding of 125I-labeled bTSH when studied at 4 C in a 20 mM Tris-HCl-0.

Antihormonal effects of plant extracts: iodothyronine deiodinase of rat liver is inhibited by extracts and secondary metabolites of plants.

Aqueous extracts from plants such as Lycopus virginicus , Melissa officinalis ( Laminaceae ), and Lithospermum officinale ( Boraginaceae ), containing various antihormonal components, also inhibit both the extrathyroidal enzymic T4-5'-deiodination to T3 and the T4-5'-deiodination. The effects were dose dependent and ultimately complete using rat liver microsomes as a source of the enzyme in vitro. The "specific inhibitory activity" of extracts depends on the plant species used and the extraction procedure applied.