Phylogeography and molecular diversity of two highly abundant amphipod species in a rapidly changing Arctic Ocean.

Rapid warming in the Arctic is drastically impacting marine ecosystems, affecting species communities and food-web structure. Pelagic amphipods are a major component of the Arctic zooplankton community and represent a key link between secondary producers and marine vertebrates at higher trophic levels. Two co-existing species dominate in the region: the larger , considered a true polar species and the smaller , a sub-Arctic, boreal-Atlantic species.

Using DNA Metabarcoding to Characterize the Prey Spectrum of Two Co-Occurring Amphipods in the Rapidly Changing Atlantic-Arctic Gateway Fram Strait.

The two congeneric hyperiids and provide an important trophic link between lower and higher trophic levels in the rapidly changing Arctic marine ecosystem. These amphipods are characterized by distinct hydrographic affinities and are hence anticipated to be impacted differently by environmental changes, with major consequences for the Arctic food web. In this study, we applied DNA metabarcoding to the stomach contents of these species, to comprehensively reveal their prey spectra at an unprecedented-high-taxonomic-resolution and assess the regional variation in their diet across the Fram Strait.

Proteomic fingerprinting enables quantitative biodiversity assessments of species and ontogenetic stages in Calanus congeners (Copepoda, Crustacea) from the Arctic Ocean.

Species identification is pivotal in biodiversity assessments and proteomic fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has already been shown to reliably identify calanoid copepods to species level. However, MALDI-TOF data may contain more information beyond mere species identification. In this study, we investigated different ontogenetic stages (copepodids C1-C6 females) of three co-occurring Calanus species from the Arctic Fram Strait, which cannot be identified to species level based on morphological characters alone.

Predatory zooplankton on the move: Themisto amphipods in high-latitude marine pelagic food webs.

Hyperiid amphipods are predatory pelagic crustaceans that are particularly prevalent in high-latitude oceans. Many species are likely to have co-evolved with soft-bodied zooplankton groups such as salps and medusae, using them as substrate, for food, shelter or reproduction. Compared to other pelagic groups, such as fish, euphausiids and soft-bodied zooplankton, hyperiid amphipods are poorly studied especially in terms of their distribution and ecology.

You are not always what you eat-Fatty acid bioconversion and lipid homeostasis in the larvae of the sand mason worm Lanice conchilega.

The meroplanktonic larvae of benthic organisms are an important seasonal component of the zooplankton in temperate coastal waters. The larvae of the reef-building polychaete Lanice conchilega contribute up to 15% of the summer zooplankton biomass in the North Sea. Despite their importance for reef maintenance (which positively affects the benthic community), little is known about the trophic ecology of this meroplanktonic larva.

Spatio-temporal variability of copepod abundance along the 20 °S monitoring transect in the Northern Benguela upwelling system from 2005 to 2011.

Long-term data sets are essential to understand climate-induced variability in marine ecosystems. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of longer-term temporal and spatial variations in zooplankton abundance and copepod community structure in the northern Benguela upwelling system from 2005 to 2011. Samples were collected from the upper 200 m along a transect at 20 °S perpendicular to the coast of Namibia to 70 nm offshore.

Distribution and ecophysiology of calanoid copepods in relation to the oxygen minimum zone in the eastern tropical atlantic.

Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) affect distribution patterns, community structure and metabolic processes of marine organisms. Due to the prominent role of zooplankton, especially copepods, in the marine carbon cycle and the predicted intensification and expansion of OMZs, it is essential to understand the effects of hypoxia on zooplankton distribution and ecophysiology. For this study, calanoid copepods were sampled from different depths (0-1800 m) at eight stations in the eastern tropical Atlantic (3 °47'N to 18 °S) during three expeditions in 2010 and 2011.

Control of diapause by acidic pH and ammonium accumulation in the hemolymph of Antarctic copepods.

Life-cycles of polar herbivorous copepods are characterised by seasonal/ontogenetic vertical migrations and diapause to survive periods of food shortage during the long winter season. However, the triggers of vertical migration and diapause are still far from being understood. In this study, we test the hypothesis that acidic pH and the accumulation of ammonium (NH4 (+)) in the hemolymph contribute to the control of diapause in certain Antarctic copepod species.

The use of lipids and fatty acids to measure the trophic plasticity of the coral Stylophora subseriata.

Following up on previous investigations on the stress resistance of corals, this study assessed the trophic plasticity of the coral Stylophora subseriata in the Spermonde Archipelago (Indonesia) along an eutrophication gradient. Trophic plasticity was assessed in terms of lipid content and fatty acid composition in the holobiont relative to its plankton (50-300 μm) food as well as the zooxanthellae density, lipid, FA and chlorophyll a content. A cross-transplantation experiment was carried out for 1.

Evolution in the deep sea: biological traits, ecology and phylogenetics of pelagic copepods.

Deep-sea biodiversity has received increasing interest in the last decade, mainly focusing on benthic communities. In contrast, studies of zooplankton in the meso- to bathypelagic zones are relatively scarce. In order to explore evolutionary processes in the pelagic deep sea, the present study focuses on copepods of two clausocalanoid families, Euchaetidae and Aetideidae, which are abundant and species-rich in the deep-sea pelagic realm.

Seasonal adaptations and the role of lipids in oceanic zooplankton.

Oceanic zooplankton species exhibit quite diverse life history traits. A major driving force determining their life strategies is the seasonal variability in food supply, which is most pronounced in polar oceans where fluctuations in primary production are extreme. Seasonal adaptations are closely related to the trophic level of zooplankters, with strongest pressures occurring on herbivorous organisms.

Fibrinolytic treatment by infusion of streptokinase-plasminogen-complex (activator): laboratory effects.

144 patients were treated with 50.000 or 100.000 fibrinolytic units (U) activator per hour over a period of up to 5 days.

Haemorheology in adolescent hypertensives.

Fifty-three untreated borderline hypertensives and 73 normotensives were randomly selected from 1342 adolescents (age range 23-27 years) who were examined in 1975, 1976 and 1980 in an epidemiological study. Blood pressure was 127.2 +/- 1.

Monitoring of antifibrinolytic treatment in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

21 patients (aged 28-81 years) with recent subarachnoid hemorrhage (10 saccular aneurysms, 3 arteriovenous angiomas, 8 normal angiograms) were continuously infused with tranexamic acid at a dosage of 5 g daily for up to 14 days. Therapy was surveyed by daily measurement of the available plasminogen activity (aPl) with the chromogenic substrate S-2251 and by a modified bioassay, whereby the concentration of tranexamic acid was determined thrombelastographically and expressed as antifibrinolytic equivalent. In addition, a battery of blood coagulation tests was performed daily.

Prolonged infusion of prostacyclin in patients with advanced stages of peripheral vascular disease: a placebo-controlled cross-over study.

Twelve patients (age 33-77 years, mean age 68.4 years) with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) stage III-IV received continuous intravenous infusions of 5 ng prostacyclin (PGI2)/kg/min and physiological saline for 7 days. The administration was randomized and double-blind with an interval of 7 days between the infusions.

[Fibronolytic treatment with activator: clinical results, angiographic findings and laboratory results (author's transl)].

Two-day treatment with activator (equimolar streptokinase-human plasminogen complex) was given to 26 patients. Indications were chronic arterial occlusion and stenosis of the lower-limb arteries (25 patients), and thrombosis of the subclavian veins. The onset of claudication had on average been 7.

[Stability of streptokinase incubated in various solvents at different temperatures (author's transl)].

Streptokinase was dissolved in various solvents and the decay recorded. The method employed was a recently described clot lysis assay for quantitative streptokinase determination. The decrease in activity of 5 u streptokinase, 1500 u streptokinase, and 50,000 u steptokinase dissolved in one milliltre of different solvents (NaCl solution, glucose solution, laevulose solution, dextran solution (Rheomacrodex), gelatin solution (Haemaccel, starch solution (Plasmasteril,albumin solution, Michaelis buffer, heparin-glucose solution) and incubated over various periods of time (15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 4h, 8h, 12h, 48h) was investigated.

[Plasminogen content of human fibrinogen preparations from different sources (author's transl)].

In connection with fibrinolytic therapy, it is of interest to know how much plasminogen is contained in different commercially available figrinogen preparations. This problem was investigated with the aid of a semiquantitative determination of plasminogen. The determined plasminogen content was compared with plasminogen concentration of pooled human plasma.

[Treatment of iliac artery stenosis with low dose streptokinase (author's transl)].

Ten patients with 13 stenoses in the pelvic area were treated with low doses of streptokinase (30 000 U/h) for 72 hours. A significant improvement in the degree of stenosis was obtained as shown by post-stenotic pressure values. Biochemically there was a marked plasminaemia with moderately low fibrinogen levels.