Photoelectrochemical Degradation of Diclofenac, Tetracycline, and Amoxicillin in an Aqueous Sulfate Medium: Analysis of Reactive Species.

As the environment becomes increasingly polluted, there is a pressing need for the development of effective remediation technologies, particularly in the area of wastewater treatment. Recently, there has been growing interest in advanced oxidation systems (AOSs) based on renewable solar energy. This study focuses on the investigation of photoelectrochemical (PEC) AOSs using WO and WO/BiVO photoanodes and an environmentally friendly aqueous sulfate electrolyte for visible light-induced decomposition of pharmaceutical compounds, namely, diclofenac (DCF), amoxicillin (AMX), and tetracycline (TCC).

Mineral and Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Herbal Material from Two Temperate Species.

Only a few species of the large genus, widely used for medicinal purposes, have been thoroughly studied for phytochemical composition. The aim of our research was to investigate the rarely studied species L. and L.

Perennial legumes as a source of ingredients for healthy food: proximate, mineral and phytoestrogen composition and antibacterial activity.

Abstract: Perennial legumes have been used as edible or medicinal plants since ancient times. The focus of the current study are perennial legumes- L., L.

Enantioselective determination of protein amino acids in fertilizers by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on chiral teicoplanin stationary phase.

High-performance liquid chromatography on a glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin-based chiral stationary phase coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was developed for fast and reliable enantioseparation and determination of protein amino acids in hydrolyzed fertilizer samples. The effect of the mobile phase parameters (type and content of organic modifier and pH) and the column temperature on the enantioselectivity was investigated. Under optimized conditions, the majority (15 of 19) of d/l-amino acid pairs were resolved with a resolution factor (Rs) higher than 1.

Mixed-mode SPE for a multi-residue analysis of benzodiazepines in whole blood using rapid GC with negative-ion chemical ionization MS.

A sensitive and selective method for simultaneous quantitation of 15 benzodiazepines in human whole blood using rapid GC with negative-ion chemical ionization MS is proposed. A mixed-mode cation-exchange polymeric sorbent was used for SPE. Different extraction solvents or mixtures of solvents of different compositions for elution of the adsorbed analytes, and washing steps for eliminating interferences in the column were tested.

Retention behaviour of imidazolium ionic liquid cations on 1.7 μm ethylene bridged hybrid silica column using acetonitrile-rich and water-rich mobile phases.

The potential of 1.7 μm ethylene bridged hybrid silica phase was investigated for the separation of twelve imidazolium-based ionic liquid cations. U-shaped retention profile was observed for all solutes with an increase in retention at both low and high acetonitrile content.

Matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction of carbadox and olaquindox in feed followed by hydrophilic interaction ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis.

A new method involving matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction and hydrophilic interaction ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (HILIC-UHPLC) with photodiode array detection was developed for the determination of carbadox and olaquindox in feed. Separation of carbadox and olaquindox was achieved within 1 min on the 1.7 microm Acquity UPLC BEH HILIC column by using isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mmol L(-1) ammonium acetate in acetonitrile-water (95:5, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.

Silicone glue coated stainless steel wire for solid phase microextraction.

A new solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber based on high-temperature silicone glue coated on a stainless steel wire is presented. The fiber coating can be prepared easily in a few minutes, it is mechanically stable and exhibits relatively high thermal stability (up to 260 degrees C). The extraction properties of the fiber to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) were examined using both direct and headspace SPME modes coupled to gas chromatography-flame ionization detection.

Ligand displacement, headspace single-drop microextraction, and capillary electrophoresis for the determination of weak acid dissociable cyanide.

A new method involving ligand displacement, headspace single-drop microextraction (SDME) with in-drop derivatization and capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed for the determination of weak acid dissociable (WAD) cyanide. WAD metal-cyanide complexes (Ag(CN)(2)(-), Cd(CN)(4)(2-), Cu(CN)(3)(2-), Hg(CN)(2), Hg(CN)(4)(2-), Ni(CN)(4)(2-) and Zn(CN)(4)(2-)) are decomposed with ligand-displacing reagent and the released hydrogen cyanide is extracted from neutral solution (pH 6.5) with an aqueous microdrop (5 microl) containing Ni(II)-NH(3) as derivatization agent.

Headspace single-drop microextraction with in-drop derivatization and capillary electrophoretic determination for free cyanide analysis.

A new method involving headspace single-drop microextraction (SDME) with in-drop derivatization and CE is developed for the preconcentration and determination of free cyanide. An aqueous microdrop (5 microL) containing Ni(II)-NH(3) (as derivatization agent), sodium carbonate and ammonium pyromellitate (as internal standard) was used as the acceptor phase. The extracted cyanide forms a stable Ni(CN)(4) (2-) complex which is then determined by CE.

Characterization of the SDS-induced electroosmotic flow in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with cationic polyelectrolyte-coated capillaries.

Manipulation of the EOF is essential for achieving optimal separations by MEKC. In this paper, we present an extensive investigation of the effect of common experimental conditions on the EOF observed in a capillary coated with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMA) polyelectrolyte under MEKC conditions. It was found that highly reproducible cathodal EOF is achieved approximately at or just below the conditional CMC value of SDS in the electrolytes used.

CE determination of small ions: methods and techniques.

This paper provides an overview on the current status of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in the analysis of inorganic and charged small organic species. The various CE strategies used to improve the separation of ionic analytes are summarized. Technical developments in the design of improved detection systems are described.

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography at low pH with polyelectrolyte-coated capillaries.

The performance of capillaries coated with a poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA) monolayer or poly(diallyldimethylammonium)-poly(styrenesulfonate) bilayer was investigated and compared under micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) conditions. Both monolayer (positively charged) and bilayer (negatively charged) coatings with micellar (sodium dodecyl sulfate) electrolyte generated very stable and pH-independent cathodal electroosmotic flow (EOF). From the results obtained, it can be concluded that in a doubly coated capillary the second poly(styrenesulfonate) layer is replaced by sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles during flushing with micellar electrolyte.

Derivatization of inorganic ions in capillary electrophoresis.

This review gives a short overview of the main approaches to the derivatization of inorganic ions in capillary electrophoresis (CE) with emphasis on the most recent works. Various derivatization procedures and detection methods are discussed. A brief account of their advantages and limitations is given.

Speciation of Co(II), Co(III), and Cu(II) in ethylenediamine solutions by capillary electrophoresis.

A capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for the speciation of Co(II), Co(III), and Cu(II) in electroless copper-plating baths containing ethylenediamine (En) has been developed. The method is based on the selective pre-capillary derivatization of Co(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) followed by CE separation of stable [CoPhen(3)](2+), [CoEn(3)](3+), and [CuEn(2)](2+) chelates. The proposed derivatization procedure protects Co(II) from oxidation by dissolved oxygen and enables rapid determination of all three metal species within a single run.

Development of capillary electrophoresis for the determination of metal ions using mixed partial and complete complexation techniques.

A new capillary electrophoretic (CE) method was developed for the selective and sensitive determination of common metal ions. The proposed method is based on conventional CE separation of metal cations followed by complete complexation of separated analytes with 1,10-phenanthroline using the zone-passing technique. This approach combines both partial and complete complexation modes and, thus, enables rapid, selective, efficient separation together with sensitive direct UV detection of metal species.

Capillary electrophoretic determination of thiosulfate, sulfide and sulfite using in-capillary derivatization with iodine.

A new capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed for the rapid, simple and selective determination of thiosulfate, sulfide and sulfite species. The proposed method is based on the in-capillary derivatization of separated sulfur anions by mixing their zones with the iodine zone during the electrophoretic migration and direct UV detection of iodide formed. The optimal conditions for the separation and derivatization reaction were established by varying electrolyte pH, electrolyte counter-ion, concentration of iodine, and applied voltage.