Transmitted drug resistance in French HIV-2-infected patients.

We report the first transmitted drug resistance survey study in HIV-2-infected patients living in France. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance was 5.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.

Concordance between HIV-2 genotypic coreceptor tropism predictions based on plasma RNA and proviral DNA.

In this study, assessing HIV-2 tropism among 43 paired plasma/peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimens, the concordance between proviral DNA and plasma RNA genotypic tropism prediction was 74%. All the discordances were attributable to the prediction of R5 in RNA and X4/dual-mixed in DNA. HIV-2 genotypic tropism test based on proviral DNA is a suitable tool for tropism determination in HIV-2-infected patients with low or undetectable viral load.

Association of soluble CD14 and inflammatory biomarkers with HIV-2 disease progression.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection is characterized by a slower progression than HIV type 1. It is not known whether markers of inflammation such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) may predict disease progression among HIV-2 patients.

Methods: We performed longitudinal retrospective analysis using 384 samples from 71 patients included in the HIV-2 French cohort ANRS CO5 and followed for a median of 8 years.

Peroxisome proliferator activating receptor alpha and gamma polymorphisms and metabolic abnormalities in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: the ANRS CO8 APROCO-COPILOTE study.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with fat redistribution and metabolic disorders. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the association between peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ polymorphisms, two genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation, and elements of the metabolic syndrome, lipodystrophy, or carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities in patients receiving HAART. The frequency distribution of rare alleles for PPARα (L162V) and PPARγ (P12A and H449H) was compared using the chi square test in 363 HIV-1-infected patients classified according to the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome after 48 months of follow-up on their first PI-containing regimen.

An international collaboration to standardize HIV-2 viral load assays: results from the 2009 ACHI(E)V(2E) quality control study.

Accurate HIV-2 plasma viral load quantification is crucial for adequate HIV-2 patient management and for the proper conduct of clinical trials and international cohort collaborations. This study compared the homogeneity of HIV-2 RNA quantification when using HIV-2 assays from ACHI(E)V(2E) study sites and either in-house PCR calibration standards or common viral load standards supplied to all collaborators. Each of the 12 participating laboratories quantified blinded HIV-2 samples, using its own HIV-2 viral load assay and standard as well as centrally validated and distributed common HIV-2 group A and B standards (http://www.

Cellular HIV-1 DNA quantification and short-term and long-term response to antiretroviral therapy.

Background: The aim of our study was to determine whether HIV-1 DNA level before antiretroviral therapy (ART) was associated with short- and long-term virological and immunological responses.

Methods: Patients starting first-line protease inhibitor-containing regimens were enrolled in a prospective multicentre cohort in 1998-99. HIV-1 DNA was quantified using real-time PCR at baseline and after 1 year of ART.

Immunovirological response to triple nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in treatment-naive HIV-2-infected patients: The ACHIEV2E Collaboration Study Group.

Background: Triple nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are recommended by the World Health Organization as first-line regimen in treatment-naïve HIV-2-infected patients. However, ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r)-containing regimens are frequently prescribed. In the absence of previous randomized trials, we retrospectively compared these regimens in observational cohorts.

Long-term nonprogressors and elite controllers in the ANRS CO5 HIV-2 cohort.

Among 342 HIV-2-infected patients of the ANRS CO5 HIV-2 cohort, the prevalence of long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) (i.e. asymptomatic for at least 8 years while maintaining CD4 cell count at least 500 cells/μl) and of HIV controllers (i.

Good response to lopinavir/ritonavir-containing antiretroviral regimens in antiretroviral-naive HIV-2-infected patients.

In 29 antiretroviral-naive HIV-2-infected patients starting lopinavir/ritonavir-containing regimen, the median CD4 cell count change from baseline (142 cells/microl) was +71 cells/microl at week 24 and +132 cells/microl at week 96. Seventeen (59%) patients had a CD4 cell count increase of at least 50 cells/microl and undetectable HIV-2 RNA at week 24 and were considered as responders to treatment. This sustained elevation of CD4 cell count in the first 2 years of combination antiretroviral therapy shows the potential for lopinavir/ritonavir regimens as first-line therapy in HIV-2 infection.

Prevalence and predictors of deterioration of a trustful patient-provider relationship among HIV-infected persons treated with antiretroviral therapy.

Objectives: We studied the evolution of the patient-provider relationship (PPR) in HIV-infected patients who reported trustful relationships at highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) treatment initiation.

Methods: Psychosocial and clinical data were obtained from the French ANRS CO-8 cohort. Break of trust was defined using the question "How much do you trust the provider who usually treats you at this clinic?" Predictors of a possible break of trust during the 5 years after initiating treatment for those patients reporting a trustful PPR at month 0 were identified using a Cox model.

Differences in proviral DNA load between HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected patients.

Introduction: The lesser pathogenicity of HIV-2 relative to HIV-1 is generally attributed to its slower replication. To compare the amounts of total HIV DNA during human HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR method with a unique external quantification standard based on a single plasmid harboring both the HIV-1 and the HIV-2 LTR.

Methods: Viral DNA load was compared between 40 HIV-1-infected and 42 HIV-2-infected antiretroviral-naive patients.

Self-reported side-effects of anti-retroviral treatment among IDUs: a 7-year longitudinal study (APROCO-COPILOTE COHORT ANRS CO-8).

The introduction of potent anti-retroviral treatment (ART) has transformed HIV disease into a chronic condition with the prospect, for the patient, of strict adherence to effective but life-long treatments. Within this framework, a major issue that can negatively affect adherence is the side-effects of the treatment. To date, studies documenting how individuals HIV-infected through drug injection (IDUs) experience ART-related side effects are sparse.

Presence of numerous stop codons in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase proviral DNA sequences from patients with virological response to HAART.

The impact of proviral DNA reverse transcriptase mutations on virological failure was evaluated in 50 HIV-1 HAART-treated patients switching from a protease inhibitor to a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Neither the M184I/V mutation detected in 12 patients nor stop codons at tryptophane positions detected in 13 patients were associated with virological failure. Stop codons appeared under successful therapy in 12 patients.

No association between GB virus C infection and disease progression in HIV-2-infected patients from the French ANRS HIV-2 cohort.

Out of 183 HIV-2-infected patients tested in the ANRS CO8 HIV-2 cohort, 69 were exposed to GB virus C (GBV-C), yielding a prevalence of 38% (95% CI 30.7, 45.2).

CD4 cell recovery in treated HIV-2-infected adults is lower than expected: results from the French ANRS CO5 HIV-2 cohort.

In 61 antiretroviral-naive HIV-2-infected patients starting triple therapy at a median CD4 cell count of 136 cells/microl, the median increase was 41 cells/microl at month 12, which was no different among those on protease inhibitors or triple nucleoside analogues. Despite virological response, as the median plasma load was under the detectable threshold from month 3, CD4 cell recovery remained poor in treated HIV-2 infection. Our results raise the question of the optimal regimen to recommend in HIV-2-infected patients.

Letter. In vitro phenotypic susceptibility to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors of HIV-2 isolates with the Q151M mutation in the reverse transcriptase gene.

In HIV-2 infection, many studies have reported a high frequency of selection of the Q151M mutation, but its impact on phenotypic susceptibility of HIV-2 isolates remains unclear. Four HIV-2 infected patients from the French ANRS HIV-2 cohort, with evidence of Q151M mutation in both plasma and available peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultivated supernatants, were selected. In vitro phenotypic susceptibilities to different nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were determined using a PBMC assay.

Improved sensitivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B plasma viral load assay.

We developed a new assay for human immunodeficiency virus type 2 plasma RNA quantification based on a previous format. The new version performed significantly better than the original regarding the detection of subtype B, allowing the detection of 14 out of 36 plasma RNAs in the subtype B-infected patients not detected with the original version.