In situ targeting of dendritic cells by antigen-loaded red blood cells: A novel approach to cancer immunotherapy.

Red blood cells (RBCs) were shown to be efficient antigen carriers to target dendritic cells (DCs) and induce cytotoxic T-cell responses. Mouse RBCs were loaded with ovalbumin (RBC-OVA) and injected with Poly (I:C) into mice. Phagocytosis of RBC-OVA by macrophages and DCs was demonstrated to induce OVA-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation.