Effect of the duration of immunomodulatory therapy on the clinical features of recurrent episodes in Vogt--Koyanagi--Harada disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the duration of immunomodulatory therapy (corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs) with regard to the rate of relapses and clinical features (exudative retinal detachment or anterior uveitis) in inflammatory episodes of Vogt--Koyanagi--Harada disease.

Methods: Data of all 42 patients diagnosed with acute uveitis associated with VKH disease during the period of January 2005 to December 2008 at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital or at the Lariboisière Hospital in Paris, France were extracted by chart review.

Results: There were 31 patients (73.

Vitrectomy may prevent the occurrence of diabetic macular oedema.

Purpose: This study aimed to demonstrate that vitrectomy may prevent the occurrence of diabetic macular oedema (DMO).

Methods: Three patients with diabetes type 1 underwent vitrectomy in one eye to treat complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Results: During follow-up, all patients suffered unilateral macular oedema in the non-vitrectomized eye as a result of general metabolic changes.

Evidence-Based Research in Complementary and Alternative Medicine III: Treatment of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

This paper presents the novel domain of evidence-based research (EBR) in the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the perspective of traditional medicine and of complementary and alternative medicine. In earlier lectures we have described the process of evidence-based medicine as a methodological approach to clinical practice that is directed to aid clinical decision-making. Here, we present a practical example of this approach with respect to traditional pharmacological interventions and to complementary and alternative treatments for patients with AD.