Effects of carbonation of liquids on penetration-aspiration and residue management.

Objective: Carbonation as a sensory enhancement strategy for prevention of aspiration of thin liquids has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of carbonation on penetration-aspiration and pharyngeal residue in dysphagia patients using Fiber-Optic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) and to identify parameters associated with a response to carbonation.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients undergoing FEES in a dysphagia clinic.