Changes in cognitive performance after cochlear implantation in adults and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To conduct critical assessment of the literature on the effects of cochlear implantation on adults' cognitive abilities.

Design: PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science, Livivo, Cochrane, Embase, PsycInfo, and grey literature were searched. Eligibility criteria: age 18 or over with severe-to-profound bilateral hearing loss, cochlear implantation, cognitive test before and after implantation.

The impact of early auditory experience for the acquisition of morphosyntactic abilities and working memory.

Difficulty in acquiring object clitics (OCs), and the omission of OCs more specifically, is used as a marker of developmental language disorder (DLD) in children learning French. Research also suggests that OCs are a complex morphosyntactic property of French and, as such, they could be particularly taxing for working memory (WM) resources. In light of previous research, it seems more likely that difficulties with OCs could be a marker for atypical early language acquisition.

Enhancement of visual biological motion recognition in early-deaf adults: Functional and behavioral correlates.

Deafness leads to brain modifications that are generally associated with a cross-modal activity of the auditory cortex, particularly for visual stimulations. In the present study, we explore the cortical processing of biological motion that conveyed either non-communicative (pantomimes) or communicative (emblems) information, in early-deaf and hearing individuals, using fMRI analyses. Behaviorally, deaf individuals showed an advantage in detecting communicative gestures relative to hearing individuals.

The development of phonological memory and language: A multiple groups approach.

Pierce et al. (2017) have proposed that variations in the timing, quality and quantity of language input during the earliest stages of development are related to variations in the development of phonological working memory and, in turn, to later language learning outcomes. To examine this hypothesis, three groups of children who are at-risk for language learning were examined: children with cochlear implants (CI), children with developmental language disorder (DLD), and internationally-adopted (IA) children, Comparison groups of typically-developing monolingual (MON) children and second language (L2) learners were also included.

State-of-the-art assessment allows for improved vestibular evoked myogenic potential test-retest reliability.

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability values of myogenic responses using the latest guidelines for vestibular assessment. Twenty-two otologically and neurologically normal adults were assessed twice, on two different days. The analyses were carried out using interclass correlations.

Auditory Event-Related Potentials Associated With Music Perception in Cochlear Implant Users.

A short review of the literature on auditory event-related potentials and mismatch negativities (MMN) in cochlear implant users engaged in music-related auditory perception tasks is presented. Behavioral studies that have measured the fundamental aspects of music perception in CI users have found that they usually experience poor perception of melody, pitch, harmony as well as timbre (Limb and Roy, 2014). This is thought to occur not only because of the technological and acoustic limitations of the device, but also because of the biological alterations that usually accompany deafness.

The Clinical Utility of Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in the Diagnosis of Ménière's Disease.

Ménière's disease (MD) is a condition that has been proposed over 150 years ago, which involves audiological and vestibular manifestations, such as aural fullness, tinnitus, vertigo, and fluctuating hearing thresholds. Over the past few years, many researchers have assessed different techniques to help diagnose this pathology. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) is an electrophysiological method assessing the saccule (cVEMP) and the utricule (oVEMP).

The impact of vestibular status prior to cochlear implantation on postural control: A multiple case study.

Objective: The goal of the present study was to investigate the impact of unilateral cochlear implantation on postural control in relation to the vestibular status before CI surgery.

Methods: We recruited 17 participants (four CI candidates and 13 hearing controls) and performed complete vestibular evaluation (cVEMP, oVEMP, vHIT) and postural evaluation using a force platform, prior and following unilateral cochlear implant surgery.

Results: Our study suggests that an increase in postural sway following cochlear implant was present only for the participants that received the implant in the ear with the better vestibular function.

Past experience shapes ongoing neural patterns for language.

Early experiences may establish a foundation for later learning, however, influences of early language experience on later neural processing are unknown. We investigated whether maintenance of neural templates from early language experience influences subsequent language processing. Using fMRI, we scanned the following three groups performing a French phonological working memory (PWM) task: (1) monolingual French children; (2) children adopted from China before age 3 who discontinued Chinese and spoke only French; (3) Chinese-speaking children who learned French as a second language but maintained Chinese.

Mapping the unconscious maintenance of a lost first language.

Optimal periods during early development facilitate the formation of perceptual representations, laying the framework for future learning. A crucial question is whether such early representations are maintained in the brain over time without continued input. Using functional MRI, we show that internationally adopted (IA) children from China, exposed exclusively to French since adoption (mean age of adoption, 12.

The acquisition of accusative object clitics by IA children from China: evidence of early age effects?

The present study compared the performance of twenty-seven French-speaking internationally adopted (IA) children from China to that of twenty-seven monolingual non-adopted French-speaking children (CTL) matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status on a Clitic Elicitation task. The IA children omitted significantly more accusative object clitics and made significantly more agreement errors using clitics than the CTL children. No other significant differences were found between the groups.

Language and memory abilities of internationally adopted children from China: evidence for early age effects.

The goal of the present study was to examine if internationally adopted (IA) children from China (M = 10;8) adopted by French-speaking families exhibit lags in verbal memory in addition to lags in verbal abilities documented in previous studies (Gauthier & Genesee, 2011). Tests assessing verbal and non-verbal memory, language, non-verbal cognitive ability, and socio-emotional development were administered to thirty adoptees. Their results were compared to those of thirty non-adopted monolingual French-speaking children matched on age, gender, and socioeconomic status.