Folate Metabolism and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Genetic Pathway Analysis from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium.

Background: Prenatal folate supplementation has been consistently associated with a reduced risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Previous germline genetic studies examining the one carbon (folate) metabolism pathway were limited in sample size, scope, and population diversity and led to inconclusive results.

Methods: We evaluated whether ∼2,900 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within 46 candidate genes involved in the folate metabolism pathway influence the risk of childhood ALL, using genome-wide data from nine case-control studies in the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium (n = 9,058 cases including 4,510 children of European ancestry, 3,018 Latinx, and 1,406 Asians, and 92,364 controls).

Risk factors for childhood brain tumours: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies from 1976 to 2022.

Background: Childhood brain tumours (CBTs) are the leading cause of cancer death in children under the age of 20 years globally. Though the aetiology of CBT remains poorly understood, it is thought to be multifactorial. We aimed to synthesize potential risk factors for CBT to inform primary prevention.

Cohort profile: the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS) - a UK-wide population-based study examining the health of cancer survivors.

Purpose: The United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study's (UKCCS's) matched cohort was established to examine the longer term morbidity and mortality of individuals previously diagnosed with cancer before 15 years of age, comparing future healthcare patterns in 5-year cancer survivors to baseline activity seen in age- and sex-matched individuals from the general population.

Participants: Predicated on a national childhood cancer case-control study conducted in the early 1990s (4430 cases, 9753 controls) in England, Scotland and Wales, the case population comprises 3125 cancer survivors (>5 years), and the control population 7156 age- and sex-matched individuals from the general population who did not have cancer as a child. Participants are now being followed up via linkage to national administrative healthcare databases (deaths, cancers and secondary care hospital activity).

Breastfeeding and risk of childhood brain tumors: a report from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium.

Purpose: Studies report mixed findings regarding the association of breastfeeding with childhood brain tumors (CBT), the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in young people. Our objective was to determine whether breastfeeding is associated with CBT incidence.

Methods: We pooled data on N = 2610 cases with CBT (including 697 cases with astrocytoma, 447 cases with medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor [PNET], 167 cases with ependymoma) and N = 8128 age- and sex-matched controls in the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium.

Maternal infections and medications in pregnancy: how does self-report compare to medical records in childhood cancer case-control studies?

Background: Studies examining the potential impact of mothers' health during pregnancy on the health of their offspring often rely on self-reported information gathered several years later. To assess the validity of this approach, we analysed data from a national case-control study of childhood cancer (diagnosed <15 years) that collected health information from both interviews and medical records.

Methods: Mothers' interview reports of infections and medications in pregnancy were compared with primary care records.

Parental occupational exposure to combustion products, metals, silica and asbestos and risk of childhood leukaemia: Findings from the Childhood Cancer and Leukaemia International Consortium (CLIC).

Parental occupational exposures around conception (father) or during pregnancy (mother) have been hypothesized as potential predisposing factors for childhood leukaemia. We investigated parental exposure to several known occupational carcinogens and childhood leukaemia risk. We conducted a pooled analysis using case-control data from four European countries (3362 childhood leukemia cases and 6268 controls).

Infant feeding practices and childhood acute leukemia: Findings from the Childhood Cancer & Leukemia International Consortium.

Increasing evidence suggests that breastfeeding may protect from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, most studies have limited their analyses to any breastfeeding, and only a few data have examined exclusive breastfeeding, or other exposures such as formula milk. We performed pooled analyses and individual participant data metaanalyses of data from 16 studies (N = 17 189 controls; N = 10 782 ALL and N = 1690 AML cases) from the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC) to characterize the associations of breastfeeding duration with ALL and AML, as well as exclusive breastfeeding duration and age at introduction to formula with ALL.

Worldwide trends in population-based survival for children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia, by subtype, during 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual data from 258 cancer registries in 61 countries.

Background: Leukaemias comprise a heterogenous group of haematological malignancies. In CONCORD-3, we analysed data for children (aged 0-14 years) and adults (aged 15-99 years) diagnosed with a haematological malignancy during 2000-14 in 61 countries. Here, we aimed to examine worldwide trends in survival from leukaemia, by age and morphology, in young patients (aged 0-24 years).

Excess morbidity and mortality among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: 25 years of follow-up from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS) population-based matched cohort.

Objectives: To examine morbidity and mortality among teenagers and young adults (TYAs) previously diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in childhood, and compare to the general TYA population.

Design: National population-based sex-matched and age-matched case-control study converted into a matched cohort, with follow-up linkage to administrative healthcare databases.

Setting: The study population comprised all children (0-14 years) registered for primary care with the National Health Service (NHS) in England 1992-1996.

Association between multimorbidity and socioeconomic deprivation on short-term mortality among patients with diffuse large B-cell or follicular lymphoma in England: a nationwide cohort study.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the association between multimorbidity and deprivation on short-term mortality among patients with diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) in England.

Setting: The association of multimorbidity and socioeconomic deprivation on survival among patients diagnosed with DLBCL and FL in England between 2005 and 2013. We linked the English population-based cancer registry with electronic health records databases and estimated adjusted mortality rate ratios by multimorbidity and deprivation status.

Excess Mortality by Multimorbidity, Socioeconomic, and Healthcare Factors, amongst Patients Diagnosed with Diffuse Large B-Cell or Follicular Lymphoma in England.

(1) Background: Socioeconomic inequalities of survival in patients with lymphoma persist, which may be explained by patients' comorbidities. We aimed to assess the association between comorbidities and the survival of patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) or follicular lymphoma (FL) in England accounting for other socio-demographic characteristics. (2) Methods: Population-based cancer registry data were linked to Hospital Episode Statistics.

Allergies, genetic polymorphisms of Th2 interleukins, and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The ESTELLE study.

Context: A negative association between a history of allergy and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been reported in previous studies, but remains debated. This work aimed to investigate this association accounting for genetic polymorphisms of the Th2 pathway cytokines (IL4, IL10, IL13, and IL4R).

Methods: Analyses were based on the French case-control study ESTELLE (2010-2011).

Investigating the inequalities in route to diagnosis amongst patients with diffuse large B-cell or follicular lymphoma in England.

Introduction: Diagnostic delay is associated with lower chances of cancer survival. Underlying comorbidities are known to affect the timely diagnosis of cancer. Diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) and follicular lymphomas (FL) are primarily diagnosed amongst older patients, who are more likely to have comorbidities.

Factors associated with 5- and 10-year survival among a recent cohort of childhood cancer survivors (France, 2000-2015).

Background: Childhood cancer survival currently exceeds 80 % five years after diagnosis in high-income countries. In this study, we aimed to describe long-term trends and to investigate socioeconomic and spatial disparities in childhood cancer survival.

Methods: The study included 28,073 cases recorded in the French National Registry of Childhood Cancers from 2000 to 2015.

Increased Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Women after Bilateral Oophorectomy.

Background: Results regarding the association between hormonal exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) are heterogeneous.

Objectives: To investigate the association of reproductive life characteristics with PD among postmenopausal women.

Methods: The PARTAGE case-control included 130 female cases and 255 age-matched female controls.

Maternal exposure to pesticides and risk of childhood lymphoma in France: A pooled analysis of the ESCALE and ESTELLE studies (SFCE).

Background: Few studies have assessed the relation between maternal prenatal pesticides use and childhood lymphoma risk, some reporting a positive association with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We investigated the association between maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and childhood Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Methods: We pooled data from the two French national population-based case-control studies ESCALE (2003-2004) and ESTELLE (2010-2011).

Childhood cancer: Survival, treatment modalities, late effects and improvements over time.

Since the 1960s, paediatric oncologists have gradually become better organised in large study groups and participation in clinical trials is today considered as the standard of care, with most children with cancer in Europe and North America being enrolled on available treatment protocols. Chemotherapy is nowadays the main element of therapy, but irradiation is still required for some patients. With the advent of multimodality therapy and supportive care, five-year cancer survival exceeds 80 % in most European and North American countries today.

Paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and caesarean section: A report from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS).

Background: Reports have suggested that children born by caesarean initiated before labour onset may be at increased risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). However, with most data being derived from case-control study interviews, information on the underpinning reasons for caesarean section is sparse, and evidence is conflicting.

Objectives: Use clinical records compiled at the time of delivery to investigate the association between childhood ALL and caesarean delivery; examining timing in relation to labour onset, and reasons for the procedure.

Age-, sex- and disease subtype-related foetal growth differentials in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia risk: A Childhood Leukemia International Consortium analysis.

Aim: Evidence for an association of foetal growth with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is inconclusive. AML is a rare childhood cancer, relatively more frequent in girls, with distinct features in infancy. In the context of the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC), we examined the hypothesis that the association may vary by age, sex and disease subtype using data from 22 studies and a total of 3564 AML cases.

Maternal Infection in Pregnancy and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To summarize the published evidence regarding the association between maternal infection during pregnancy and childhood leukemia.

Study Design: In this systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO number, CRD42018087289), we searched PubMed and Embase to identify relevant studies. We included human studies that reported associations of at least one measure of maternal infection during pregnancy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or all childhood leukemias in the offspring.