Resolution of two native monomeric 90kDa nitrate reductase active proteins from Shewanella gelidimarina and the sequence of two napA genes.

The reduction of nitrate to nitrite in the bacterial periplasm occurs in the 90kDa NapA subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP) system. Most Shewanella genomes contain two nap operons: napEDABC and napDAGHB, which is an unusual feature of this genus. Two native, monomeric, 90kDa nitrate reductase active proteins were resolved by hydrophobic interaction chromatography from aerobic cultures of Shewanella gelidimarina replete with reduced nitrogen compounds.

Site-directed mutagenesis in the study of membrane transporters.

One of the major goals in membrane transporter research is to understand how transporter proteins work at the molecular level. Ideally, this research would be carried out with a detailed knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the protein. However, in the absence of atomic resolution structures for many membrane transporters other molecular tools need to be employed.

Extracellular loops 2 and 4 of GLYT2 are required for N-arachidonylglycine inhibition of glycine transport.

Concentrations of extracellular glycine in the central nervous system are regulated by Na(+)/Cl(-)-dependent glycine transporters, GLYT1 and GLYT2. N-Arachidonylglycine (NAGly) is an endogenous inhibitor of GLYT2 with little or no effect on GLYT1 and is analgesic in rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Understanding the molecular basis of NAGly interactions with GLYT2 may allow for the development of novel therapeutics.

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptides modulate the locomotor and motivational properties of psychostimulants.

Drug addiction results from a subversion of neural circuits that control motivation. Although the hedonic and addictive properties of psychostimulants and drugs of abuse are predominantly attributed to dopamine and glutamate, it is appreciated that other signaling molecules in the brain are important. This study suggests that cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptides modulate the locomotor and motivational properties of psychostimulants.

Obesity and diabetes in transgenic mice expressing proSAAS.

ProSAAS is a neuroendocrine peptide precursor that potently inhibits prohormone convertase 1 in vitro. To explore the function of proSAAS and its derived peptides, transgenic mice were created which express proSAAS using the beta-actin promoter. The body weight of transgenic mice was normal until approximately 10-12 weeks, and then increased 30-50% over wild-type littermates.