Impact of instrumentation reliability on mainstream suspended partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA).

This study successfully revealed the importance of probe reliability and sensitivity with ion sensitive electrode (ISE) probes on achieving high partial denitrification (PdN) efficiency; and decreasing carbon overdosing events that cause the decline of microbial populations and performance of PdNA. In a mainstream integrated hybrid granule-floc system, an average PdN efficiency of 76% was achieved with acetate as the carbon source. Thauera was identified as the dominant PdN species; its presence in the system was analogous to instrumentation reliability and PdN selection and was not a consequence of bioaugmentation.