SMYD5 is a regulator of the mild hypothermia response.

The mild hypothermia response (MHR) maintains organismal homeostasis during cold exposure and is thought to be critical for the neuroprotection documented with therapeutic hypothermia. To date, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the MHR. We utilize a forward CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis screen to identify the histone lysine methyltransferase SMYD5 as a regulator of the MHR.

Sleep duration and social jetlag in healthy adolescents. Association with anxiety, depression, and chronotype: a pilot study.

Purpose: Misalignment between sleep opportunity and chronotype preference during adolescence may affect sleep and mental health. The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate sleep duration and social jetlag (SJL) to observe if there is a relationship with anxiety, depression, or chronotype.

Methods: Community based cohort study (n = 65) was conducted in Northern Europe.

Hypoxia in the pulmonary vein increases pulmonary vascular resistance independently of oxygen in the pulmonary artery.

Introduction: Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) can be a challenging clinical problem. It is not fully elucidated where in the circulation the regulation of resistance takes place. It is often referred to as if it is in the arteries, but we hypothesized that it is in the venous side of the pulmonary circulation.

A comparison of methods for detecting DNA methylation from long-read sequencing of human genomes.

Background: Long-read sequencing can enable the detection of base modifications, such as CpG methylation, in single molecules of DNA. The most commonly used methods for long-read sequencing are nanopore developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing developed by Pacific Bioscience (PacBio). In this study, we systematically compare the performance of CpG methylation detection from long-read sequencing.

Mitf regulates gene expression networks implicated in B cell homeostasis, germinal center responses, and tolerance.

Introduction: The Mitf has been shown to regulate B cell activation and tolerance. However, the underlying B cell-specific mechanisms responsible, and those that distinguish Mitf from closely related Mitf/TFE (MiT) transcription factors Tfe3, Tfeb, and Tfec, remain obscure.

Methods: Two complementary mouse models of Mitf and MiT deficiency were used: the Mitf systemic loss-of-function mutation, and B-cell specific MiT family inactivation via transgenic expression of a trans-dominant negative (TDN) protein (TDN-B).

Can the presence of specialized addiction staff in primary health care increase the number of alcohol-related medical consultations - A controlled intervention study.

Background: Few individuals with alcohol use disorders receive treatment. Primary care has been suggested as an arena for early treatment for these disorders.

Aim: To evaluate whether the presence of a specialized addiction nurse can increase alcohol-related physician consultations in a primary care setting.

Comparative study of machine learning methods for modeling associations between risk factors and future dementia cases.

A substantial portion of dementia risk can be attributed to modifiable risk factors that can be affected by lifestyle changes. Identifying the contributors to dementia risk could prove valuable. Recently, machine learning methods have been increasingly applied to healthcare data.

COVID-19 illness severity and 2-year prevalence of physical symptoms: an observational study in Iceland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark.

Background: Although the persistence of physical symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major public health concern, evidence from large observational studies beyond one year post diagnosis remain scarce. We aimed to assess the prevalence of physical symptoms in relation to acute illness severity up to more than 2-years after diagnosis of COVID-19.

Methods: This multinational study included 64,880 adult participants from Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway with self-reported data on COVID-19 and physical symptoms from April 2020 to August 2022.

POPs in long-finned pilot whales mass stranded in Iceland as a proxy for their physiological condition.

Long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) are the most frequently stranded cetaceans in the world; however, the predominant drivers of these events are poorly understood. In this study the levels of persistent organic pollutants from pilot whales stranded in North-east Iceland were quantified and compared to historical data and physical parameters to investigate whether contaminant load may have influenced the physiological state of stranded individuals, how these loads fluctuate with sex and age group, and if this is consistent with the literature. Historical comparison was also carried out to discern how pollutant contamination has changed throughout the past few decades.

Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among preschool aged children in the general population: A systematic review.

Untreated pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with significant morbidities affecting behavior, neurocognitive development, endocrine and metabolic health. This systematic review evaluated prevalence of OSA reported in population-based studies among preschoolers as early intervention may have positive effects on health and quality of life. Thirty studies were included.

Histopathology and levels of proteins in plasma associate with survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis.

Background: The TNM system is used to assess prognosis after colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. Other prognostic factors reported include histopathological assessments of the tumour, tumour mutations and proteins in the blood. As some of these factors are strongly correlated, it is important to evaluate the independent effects they may have on survival.

SMYD5 is a regulator of the mild hypothermia response.

The mild hypothermia response (MHR) maintains organismal homeostasis during cold exposure and is thought to be critical for the neuroprotection documented with therapeutic hypothermia. To date, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the MHR. We utilize a forward CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis screen to identify the histone lysine methyltransferase SMYD5 as a regulator of the MHR.

Blunted Cardiovascular Reactivity Predicts Worse Performance in Working Memory Tasks.

When we experience psychological challenges in the environment, our heart rate usually rises to make us more able to solve the task, but there is an individual difference in cardiovascular reactivity (CVR). Extreme CVR to environmental demands has been associated with worse health outcomes, with blunted CVR (little or no rise in heart rate) related to maladaptive behavior, including depression. The blunted CVR has been explained by motivational disengagement, which involves giving up on a task when facing obstacles.

Exposure factors associated with dementia among older adults in Iceland: the AGES-Reykjavik study.

The study aimed to assess whether factors related to cognitive performance were associated with the development of dementia. Additionally, the study aimed to establish whether cognitive performance at baseline or change in cognition between baseline and follow-up (five-year period) had a stronger association with whether an individual would fulfill a dementia criterion at follow-up. The data was collected from 2002 to 2011.

Do foraging ecology and contaminants interactively predict parenting hormone levels in common eider?

Global climate change is causing abiotic shifts such as higher air and ocean temperatures, and disappearing sea ice in Arctic ecosystems. These changes influence Arctic-breeding seabird foraging ecology by altering prey availability and selection, affecting individual body condition, reproductive success, and exposure to contaminants such as mercury (Hg). The cumulative effects of alterations to foraging ecology and Hg exposure may interactively alter the secretion of key reproductive hormones such as prolactin (PRL), important for parental attachment to eggs and offspring and overall reproductive success.

[Levels of mercury in hair among pregnant women in Iceland].

Introduction: To limit exposure to methylmercury several countries have implimented specific advice on fish intake to pregnant women as well a measuring compliance through regular human biomonitoring. Despite fish intake being relatively high in Iceland, human biomonitoring data on mercury is scarce.

Materials And Mehods: We measured mercury in hair from 120 pregnant women recruited in 2021 from the the Reykjavik Capital area.

Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and proliferative kidney disease in Icelandic salmonids - Comparative data from two different time periods.

Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is a myxozoan parasite and the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD), a serious, temperature-dependent and emerging disease affecting salmonid fish. It was first identified in Iceland in 2008, from Arctic charr inhabiting a shallow lowland lake. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and prevalence of macroscopic and subclinical T.

The media composition as a crucial element in high-throughput metabolic network reconstruction.

In recent years, metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) have provided glimpses into the intra- and interspecies genetic diversity and interactions that form the bases of complex microbial communities. High-throughput reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic networks (GEMs) from MAGs is a promising avenue to disentangle the myriad trophic interactions stabilizing these communities. However, high-throughput reconstruction of GEMs relies on accurate gap filling of metabolic pathways using automated algorithms.

Multi-country metabolic signature discovery for chicken health classification.

Introduction: To decrease antibiotic resistance, their use as growth promoters in the agricultural sector has been largely abandoned. This may lead to decreased health due to infectious disease or microbiome changes leading to gut inflammation.

Objectives: We aimed to generate a m/z signature classifying chicken health in blood, and obtain biological insights from the resulting m/z signature.