Development of a model estimating root length density from root impacts on a soil profile in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br). Application to measure root system response to water stress in field conditions.

Pearl millet is able to withstand dry and hot conditions and plays an important role for food security in arid and semi-arid areas of Africa and India. However, low soil fertility and drought constrain pearl millet yield. One target to address these constraints through agricultural practices or breeding is root system architecture.

Interfacial properties, film dynamics and bulk rheology: A multi-scale approach to dairy protein foams.

Hypothesis: The effective contribution of interfacial properties to the rheology of foams is a source of many open questions. Film dynamics during topological T1 changes in foams, essentially studied for low molecular weight surfactants, and scarcely for proteins, could connect interfacial properties to protein foam rheology.

Experiments: We modified whey protein isolate (WPI), and its purified major protein β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) by powder pre-conditioning and dry-heating in order to obtain a broad variety of interfacial properties.

Simulation of surfactant transport during the rheological relaxation of two-dimensional dry foams.

We describe a numerical model to predict the rheology of two-dimensional dry foams. The model accurately describes soap film curvature and viscous friction with the walls, and includes the transport of surfactant within the films and across the vertices where films meet. It accommodates the changes in foam topology that occur when a foam flows and, in particular, accurately represents the relaxation of the foam following a topological change.

Anatomic distribution of endometriosis: A reappraisal based on series of 1101 patients.

Objective: To reappraise the anatomic distribution of endometriosis lesions in cases with Superficial Implants (SI), Ovarian Endometrioma (OMA) and Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis (DIE).

Materials And Methods: A prospective observational study was operated between January 1989 to June 2009. A total of 1333 consecutive patients with a laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis, were extracted from our database.

Genome-wide association mapping for root cone angle in rice.

Background: Plant root systems play a major role in anchoring and in water and nutrient uptake from the soil. The root cone angle is an important parameter of the root system architecture because, combined with root depth, it helps to determine the volume of soil explored by the plant. Two genes, DRO1 and SOR1, and several QTLs for root cone angle have been discovered in the last 5 years.

Clinical presentation of endometriosis identified at interval laparoscopic tubal sterilization: Prospective series of 465 cases.

Objectives: Women seeking sterilization are usually parous and have no major complains, such as pelvic pain. This could be a good model to indirectly assess the prevalence of endometriosis in the general population. Prevalence of endometriosis in women undergoing tubal sterilization by laparoscopy has been assessed in 17 published reports.

[MINIMAL AND MILD ENDOMETRIOSIS: WHICH IMPACT ON FERTILITY?].

Minimal and mild endometriosis (stages I/II) is frequently identified in subfertile patients, especially in case of unexplained infertility. The impact of those lesions on fecundity is still debatted and they have been considered as paraphysiological by some experts. In addition, they are heterogenous with variable spread, biological activity, induced inflammation and, sometimes, the presence of associated mild adhesions.

The roots of future rice harvests.

Rice production faces the challenge to be enhanced by 50% by year 2030 to meet the growth of the population in rice-eating countries. Whereas yield of cereal crops tend to reach plateaus and a yield is likely to be deeply affected by climate instability and resource scarcity in the coming decades, building rice cultivars harboring root systems that can maintain performance by capturing water and nutrient resources unevenly distributed is a major breeding target. Taking advantage of gathering a community of rice root biologists in a Global Rice Science Partnership workshop held in Montpellier, France, we present here the recent progresses accomplished in this area and focal points where an international network of laboratories should direct their efforts.

Adolescent Endometriosis: Report of a Series of 55 Cases With a Focus on Clinical Presentation and Long-Term Issues.

Study Objective: To report the clinical presentation and long-term issues of adolescent endometriosis.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single private clinical center, Bordeaux, France.

Laparoscopic surgery for distal tubal occlusions: lessons learned from a historical series of 434 cases.

Objective: To evaluate the success rate of laparoscopic neosalpingostomy and the factors affecting the results in terms of intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), delivery (DEL), and ectopic pregnancy (EP).

Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively recorded data.

Setting: Private practice.

Adhesion prevention after myomectomy by laparotomy: a prospective multicenter comparative randomized single-blind study with second-look laparoscopy to assess the effectiveness of PREVADH™.

Objective: The objective of this multicenter, randomized study was to investigate the efficacy of the hydrophilic resorbable film PREVADH™ in preventing postoperative adhesions following myomectomy.

Study Design: Women scheduled for laparotomic myomectomy with intramural and/or subserous myomas of >60mm in diameter, and who wished to preserve fertility, were eligible. Patients were randomized immediately prior to abdominal wall closure to receive either hydrophilic resorbable film applied directly to the incisions (P-Group, n=33) or 500mL Ringer's lactate solution instilled into the pelvic cavity (R-Group, n=28).

Genome-wide association mapping of root traits in a japonica rice panel.

Rice is a crop prone to drought stress in upland and rainfed lowland ecosystems. A deep root system is recognized as the best drought avoidance mechanism. Genome-wide association mapping offers higher resolution for locating quantitative trait loci (QTLs) than QTL mapping in biparental populations.

[Iatrogenic endometriosis during reproductive age: main issues?].

Among endometriotic lesions a small proportion is secondary to various medical activities, and may be considered as iatrogenic. Any medical or surgical procedure increasing the menstrual flow or the retrograde flow bears a potential risk: conization, hydrotubation or copper intra-uterine device. Surgical procedures, by laparotomy or laparoscopic approach, are able to favor transport and cutaneous seeding of endometrial tissue, especially when a hysterotomy has been performed.

Effect of timing and duration of salt treatment during growth of a fragrant rice variety on yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, proline, and GABA Levels.

In greenhouse experiments, Aychade, a fragrant rice variety, was grown under one level of salt solution (EC of 3800 ± 400 μS·cm(-1)) sufficient to induce salt stress in rice. Timing and duration of salt solution application varied according to the growth stages. 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), a characteristic flavor compound of fragrant rice as well as biogenetically related compounds, proline, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were quantified.

[Postoperative abdominal adhesions and their prevention in gynaecological surgery: II. How can they be prevented?].

This paper is the second of a two-part publication. The initial paper provided a comprehensive overview of the evidence on adhesions to allow gynaecological surgeons to be best informed on adhesions, their development, impact on patients, health systems and surgical outcomes. There is rising evidence that surgeons can take important steps to reduce the burden of adhesions.

[Postoperative abdominal adhesions and their prevention in gynaecological surgery: I. What should you know?].

Adhesions are the most frequent complications of abdominopelvic surgery, causing important short- and long-term problems, including infertility, chronic pelvic pain and a lifetime risk of small bowel obstruction. They also complicate future surgery with increased morbidity and mortality risk. They pose serious quality of life issues for many patients with associated social and healthcare costs.

[Forgetting hormonal contraceptive methods: expert opinion about their daily management in clinical routine practice].

Many guidelines regarding the daily management of regular oral hormonal contraceptive methods have been proposed worldwide. Some of them may even appear to be conflicting. The search for the maximal contraceptive protection leads to a low acceptance of these guidelines, probably because of their complexity and their apparent discrepancy.

Gynaecological endoscopic evaluation of 4% icodextrin solution: a European, multicentre, double-blind, randomized study of the efficacy and safety in the reduction of de novo adhesions after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery.

Background: Gynaecological laparoscopic surgery outcomes can be compromised by the formation of de novo adhesions. This randomized, double-blind study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of 4% icodextrin solution (Adept(®)) in the reduction of de novo adhesion incidence compared to lactated Ringer's solution (LRS).

Methods: Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for removal of myomas or endometriotic cysts were treated with randomized solution as an intra-operative irrigant and 1l post-operative instillate.

Presurgical short term treatment of uterine fibroids with different doses of cetrorelix acetate: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of different dosing schedules of cetrorelix acetate as a short term treatment for 4 weeks prior to surgery in patients with uterine fibroids.

Study Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients were 109 premenopausal women, with at least one uterine fibroid, more than 4 cm in diameter.

[Endometriosis coaching].

Coaching is a well-known terminology and an approach currently used, particularly in the worlds of company management and sport, but its use in the medical field appeared only recently. In the latter field, coaching bears behavioral and psychological aspects. It can not only be intended to a medical team, but also the practionner himself, for a better management of any disease, his patient for a better treatment effect and compliance and an optimal coping with the disease.

[Ovarian endometrioma and infertility: when not to treat?].

Ovarian endometrioma is not infrequently encountered in infertile patients. Its etiopathogeny, its relations with attributed symptoms and the recommanded treatment to apply, are still debated. Various therapeutic tools are available, such as abstention, ultrasonographically guided aspiration and drainage, and surgery.

[Women with endometriosis: are they different from others?].

The objective of this short review is to identify the particularities of women with endometriosis, especially those complaining of pain and with the most severe lesions. Genetic aberrations play, with a high probability, a major role in the development of this disease, its severity, its tendency to recur and also in its capacity to degenerate. The abnormalities of the endometrium, with exacerbated biological activities, are an example.

[Diaphragmatic hernia in a rare complication of oesophagectomy for cancer].

Introduction: Diaphragmatic hernia is a rare complication of oesophagectomy for cancer. We report a series of seven patients to determine characteristics of this entity.

Patients And Methods: Seven patients (six male and one female, 61 to 68 years old) were operated on for diaphragmatic hernia following oesophagectomy for carcinoma (adenocarcinoma N =4, squamous-cell carcinoma N =3).