Ligamentoplasty with interposition of the proximal interphalangeal joint in the treatment of unicondylar osteochondral defects: a cadaveric feasibility study.

Background: Injuries to the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint are common and complex. However, the treatment of osteochondral defects of the head of the proximal phalanx has rarely been described. Herein, we propose a new technique for the management of unicondylar defects of the proximal phalanx that can restore joint amplitudes and provide PIP stability.

C5-8 neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Operative findings, reconstructive strategy and outcome.

From 1998 to 2014, we performed primary brachial plexus repair in 260 children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Thirty-three presented with a C5-8 palsy and 24 were reviewed for this study. The surgical strategy was to focus on repairing the upper trunk.

Hspa9 is required for pronephros specification and formation in Xenopus laevis.

Background: Development of the pronephros in Xenopus laevis is largely dependent on retinoic acid signaling at the time of kidney field specification with the simultaneous occurrence of a necessary calcium signaling. At the crossroads of these two signaling pathways, we studied the role of Hspa9 (heat shock 70 kDa protein 9) encoding a mitochondrial chaperone in pronephros development.

Results: We first showed that Hspa9 is highly expressed in the pronephros territory and elongating nephric duct.