Isoprostanes as markers for muscle aging in older athletes.

Introduction: Production of isoprostanes (IsoPs) is enhanced after acute, intense, and prolonged exercise, in untrained subjects. This effect is greater in older subjects. The present study aims to delineate the profile of acute-exercise-induced IsoPs levels in young and older endurance-trained subjects.

Urinary lysophopholipids are increased in diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease that frequently leads to end stage renal failure. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) are lysophospholipid mediators shown to accumulate in kidney and to promote renal inflammation and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis in diabetic rodent models. Here we assessed whether LPA and LPC were associated to the development of nephropathy in diabetic human patients.

Acid Ceramidase Deficiency in Mice Results in a Broad Range of Central Nervous System Abnormalities.

Farber disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by acid ceramidase deficiency that usually presents as early-onset progressive visceral and neurologic disease. To understand the neurologic abnormality, we investigated behavioral, biochemical, and cellular abnormalities in the central nervous system of Asah1 mice, which serve as a model of Farber disease. Behaviorally, the mutant mice had reduced voluntary locomotion and exploration, increased thigmotaxis, abnormal spectra of basic behavioral activities, impaired muscle grip strength, and defects in motor coordination.

Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Method to Study Sphingolipid Metabolism Changes in Response to CD95L.

Sphingolipids are sphingoid base-containing lipids, among which some metabolites behave as bioactive molecules in various biological processes, including cell death. Whereas ceramide is now viewed as an anti-oncometabolite, leading to cancer cell death, CD95L-induced apoptosis is associated with sphingolipid changes, which likely contribute to caspase-dependent signaling pathway activation. Here, we describe Liquid Chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method (LC-HRMS) to analyze sphingolipid metabolism changes triggered by CD95L.

Increased urinary lysophosphatidic acid in mouse with subtotal nephrectomy: potential involvement in chronic kidney disease.

Increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with consecutive progression to end-stage renal disease represents a significant burden to healthcare systems. Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a classical hallmark of CKD and is well correlated with the loss of renal function. The bioactive lysophospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), acting through specific G-protein-coupled receptors, was previously shown to be involved in TIF development in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Simultaneous quantitative profiling of 20 isoprostanoids from omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids by LC-MS/MS in various biological samples.

Isoprostanoids are a group of non-enzymatic oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It belongs to oxylipins group, which are important lipid mediators in biological processes, such as tissue repair, blood clotting, blood vessel permeability, inflammation and immunity regulation. Recently, isoprostanoids from eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, adrenic and α-linolenic namely F3-isoprostanes, F4-neuroprostanes, F2-dihomo-isoprostanes and F1-phytoprostanes, respectively have attracted attention because of their putative contribution to health.

A novel jaspine B-ceramide hybrid modulates sphingolipid metabolism.

A new sphingolipid hybrid molecule was designed to assemble, within a tail-to-tail double-chain structure, the ceramide hydrophilic moiety and the tetrahydrofuran pharmacophore of jaspine B, a natural product known to interfere with sphingolipid metabolism. This compound was prepared through acylation of sphingosine with a jaspine B derivative bearing a COOH group in the terminal position of the aliphatic backbone. This new hybrid molecule was evaluated for its capacities to affect melanoma cell viability and sphingolipid metabolism.

New insights into the organ-specific adverse effects of fumonisin B1: comparison between lung and liver.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a well-known inhibitor of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, due to its ability to inhibit ceramide synthases (CerS) activity. In mammals, this toxin triggers broad clinical symptoms with multi-organ dysfunction such as hepatotoxicity or pulmonary edema. The molecular mechanism of CerS inhibition by FB1 remains unknown.

Enhanced skeletal muscle lipid oxidative efficiency in insulin-resistant vs insulin-sensitive nondiabetic, nonobese humans.

Context: Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is proposed to result from impaired skeletal muscle lipid oxidative capacity. However, there is no evidence indicating that muscle lipid oxidative capacity is impaired in healthy otherwise insulin-resistant individuals.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess muscle lipid oxidative capacity in young, nonobese, glucose-tolerant, insulin-resistant vs insulin-sensitive individuals.