The deficit in folate and vitamin B12 triggers liver macrovesicular steatosis and inflammation in rats with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis.

The risks of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and deficiency in vitamin B12 and folate (methyl donor deficiency, MDD) are increased in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated the influence of MDD on NASH in rats with DSS-induced colitis. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were subjected to MDD diet and/or ingestion of DSS and compared to control animals.

LRP1 expression in colon cancer predicts clinical outcome.

Unlabelled: LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1), a multifunctional endocytic receptor, has recently been identified as a hub within a biomarker network for multi-cancer clinical outcome prediction. As its role in colon cancer has not yet been characterized, we here investigate the relationship between LRP1 and outcome.

Materials And Methods: mRNA expression was determined in colon adenocarcinoma and paired colon mucosa samples, as well as in stromal and tumor cells obtained after laser capture microdissection.

Prevalence of esophageal squamous papilloma (ESP) and associated cancer in northeastern France.

Background And Study Aims: Esophageal squamous papilloma (ESP) is a rare lesion. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of ESP in northeastern France and the risk of associated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Patients And Methods: The charts of 78 patients who were diagnosed with ESP between January 2005 and February 2013 at three hospitals in northeastern France were reviewed.

Detection of Dysplasia or Cancer in 3.5% of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colonic Strictures.

Background & Aims: Colonic strictures complicate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and often lead to surgical resection to prevent dysplasia or cancer. We assessed the frequency of dysplasia and cancer among IBD patients undergoing resection of a colorectal stricture.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Groupe d'études et thérapeutiques des affections inflammatoires du tube digestif study.

Photodynamic therapy relieves colitis and prevents colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases are incurable illnesses of the gastrointestinal tract, which substantially enhance the risk of developing colorectal carcinogenesis. Conventional photodynamic therapy is a clinically approved therapeutic modality used in the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that photodynamic therapy with low doses of photosensitizer and/or light improves inflammatory conditions, including colitis.

Histologic features predicting postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence.

Recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) after ileal or colonic resection is common. Many studies have tried to identify predictors of postoperative recurrence (POR) in CD. A wide range of histologic features have been identified, but for most of them, the literature provided conflicting data.

Comparing histological activity indexes in UC.

Background: Assessment of disease activity in UC is important for designing an optimal therapeutic strategy. No single histology score is considered optimum. The aim of this study was to compare intraobserver reproducibility and the interobserver agreement of available histological UC activity indexes.

Microscopic features of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel diseases.

The risk of developing dysplasia leading to colorectal cancer (CRC) is increased in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The prognosis of CRC may be poorer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in those without IBD. Most CRCs, in general, develop from a dysplastic precursor lesion.

Histologic remission: the ultimate therapeutic goal in ulcerative colitis?

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease of the mucosal layer, and activity of the disease is assumed to be related to mucosal appearance. Mucosal healing has emerged as a major therapeutic goal in UC. Whether mucosal healing should be the ultimate therapeutic goal in these patients is unknown.

Microscopic features for initial diagnosis and disease activity evaluation in inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by 2 major entities: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In clinical practice, separation of UC and CD has been based on a variety of clinical features, symptoms, endoscopic and radiological, gross and microscopic characteristics. The microscopic diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease is based on a combination of 2 types of lesions: architectural abnormalities and inflammatory features.

Submucosal plexitis as a predictor of postoperative surgical recurrence in Crohn's disease.

Background: The presence of submucosal or myenteric plexitis was associated with clinical and endoscopic Crohn's disease (CD) recurrence after ileocolonic resection. We assessed the value of both submucosal and myenteric plexitis for predicting postoperative surgical recurrence in CD.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study using the database of the Department of Pathology of Nancy University Hospital.

NOD2-mediated dysbiosis predisposes mice to transmissible colitis and colorectal cancer.

Instability in the composition of gut bacterial communities (dysbiosis) has been linked to common human intestinal disorders, such as Crohn's disease and colorectal cancer. Here, we show that dysbiosis caused by Nod2 deficiency gives rise to a reversible, communicable risk of colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice. Loss of either Nod2 or RIP2 resulted in a proinflammatory microenvironment that enhanced epithelial dysplasia following chemically induced injury.

Methyl donor deficiency affects small-intestinal differentiation and barrier function in rats.

Dietary methyl donors and their genetic determinants are associated with Crohn's disease risk. We investigated whether a methyl-deficient diet (MDD) may affect development and functions of the small intestine in rat pups from dams subjected to the MDD during gestation and lactation. At 1 month before pregnancy, adult females were fed with either a standard food or a diet without vitamin B12, folate and choline.

Fumonisin FB1 treatment acts synergistically with methyl donor deficiency during rat pregnancy to produce alterations of H3- and H4-histone methylation patterns in fetuses.

Scope: Prenatal folate and methyl donor malnutrition lead to epigenetic alterations that could enhance susceptibility to disease. Methyl-deficient diet (MDD) and fumonisin FB1 are risk factors for neural tube defects and cancers. Evidence indicates that FB1 impairs folate metabolism.

Methyl donor deficiency impairs fatty acid oxidation through PGC-1α hypomethylation and decreased ER-α, ERR-α, and HNF-4α in the rat liver.

Background & Aims: Folate and cobalamin are methyl donors needed for the synthesis of methionine, which is the precursor of S-adenosylmethionine, the substrate of methylation in epigenetic, and epigenomic pathways. Methyl donor deficiency produces liver steatosis and predisposes to metabolic syndrome. Whether impaired fatty acid oxidation contributes to this steatosis remains unknown.

A splicing variant leads to complete loss of function of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) gene in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The remethylation of homocyteine into methionine is catalyzed either by methionine synthase (MTR) or by betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), in the liver. Choline/betaine deficiency and impaired BHMT pathway have been associated with hepatocellular carcinogenesis, in animal models. The molecular mechanisms that impair the BHMT pathway are unknown.

Expression of minichromosome maintenance MCM6 protein in meningiomas is strongly correlated with histologic grade and clinical outcome.

The 2007 World Health Organization histologic grading of meningiomas is associated with recurrence and clinical outcome. However, distinction of grade I from grade II (atypical) meningiomas can be challenging. In the World Health Organization classification, there are 4 parameters on the basis of which grade II status can be determined: mitotic rate, cytoarchitectural features, brain invasion, and/or histologic subtype.

BRAF, p53 and SOX2 in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: evidence for multistep carcinogenesis.

Aims: The aim of this study was to genotype a series of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) for BRAF mutation, and to evaluate p53 and SOX2 expression as factors implicated in tumour progression.

Methods: The study included 17 PTCs and 14 ATCs. Analysis of the exon 15 of BRAF was based on direct sequencing.

Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 6 (NLRP6) controls epithelial self-renewal and colorectal carcinogenesis upon injury.

The colonic epithelium self-renews every 3 to 5 d, but our understanding of the underlying processes preserving wound healing from carcinogenesis remains incomplete. Here, we demonstrate that Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 6 (NLRP6) suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis by regulating tissue repair. NLRP6 was primarily produced by myofibroblasts within the stem-cell niche in the colon.

Salivary gland anlage tumor: a clinicopathological study of two cases.

We report two cases of salivary gland anlage tumor (SGAT), a nasopharyngeal lesion that affects newborns. The first case concerned a male newborn, presenting respiratory distress secondary to a nasopharyngeal mass. The second case was diagnosed in a 6-week-old girl, suffering from respiratory difficulties due to a nasal cavity mass.

[Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast: a morphological and immunohistochemical study].

Introduction: Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast are rare and form a heterogenic group of tumors, characterized by the presence of squamous or sarcomatoid differentiation.

Patient And Methods: In 23 cases, we study the main histoprognostic features, hormonal status, and the expression of HER2, CK5/6, CK14, p63, EGFR, beta-catenin, MUC1 and E-cadherin, the expression of this seven last antigens being also studied in nodal metastases.

Results: The different metaplastic types are spindle cell carcinoma (35%), squamous cell carcinoma (26%), osteo- or chondrosarcomatoid (11%) or mixed type (26%).

Methyl deficient diet aggravates experimental colitis in rats.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) result from complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Low blood levels of vitamin B12 and folate and genetic variants of related target enzymes are associated with IBD risk, in population studies. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we evaluated the effects of a methyl-deficient diet (MDD, folate, vitamin B12 and choline) in an experimental model of colitis induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), in rat pups from dams subjected to the MDD during gestation and lactation.