Rheologic and Physicochemical Characteristics of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Overview and Relationship to Product Performance.

Injections with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers for facial rejuvenation and soft-tissue augmentation are among the most popular aesthetic procedures worldwide. Many HA fillers are available with unique manufacturing processes and distinct in vitro physicochemical and rheologic properties, which result in important differences in the fillers' clinical performance. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the properties most widely used to characterize HA fillers and to report their rheologic and physicochemical values obtained using standardized methodology to allow scientifically based comparisons.

Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties Following Syringe-to-Syringe Mixing of Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers.

Background: Historically, soft-tissue hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have been mixed with agents to reduce pain or alter physicochemical properties.

Objective: Evaluate the impact of dilution and mixing on HA filler physicochemical properties.

Materials And Methods: Crosslinked HA filler (VYC-20L, 20 mg/mL) was diluted to 15 mg/mL using saline through 5 or 10 passes between 2 syringes connected using a luer connector.

Rheological Properties and In Vivo Performance Characteristics of Soft Tissue Fillers.

Background: Physicochemical properties and performance in nonclinical animal models can provide insights into soft tissue filler performance.

Objective: To evaluate the in vivo performance of fillers with different compositions and physicochemical properties.

Materials And Methods: Physicochemical properties were measured in vitro.

Basics of dermal filler rheology.

Background: Hyaluronic acid injectable fillers are the most widely used dermal fillers to treat facial volume deficits, providing long-term facial aesthetic enhancement outcomes for the signs of aging and/or facial contouring.

Objectives: The purpose of this article was to explain how rheology, the study of the flow of matter, can be used to help physicians differentiate between dermal fillers targeted to certain areas of the face.

Methods: This article describes how rheological properties affect performance when filler is used in various parts of the face and exposed to mechanical stress (shear deformation and compression/stretching forces) associated with daily facial animation and other commonly occurring external forces.

Preventing biofilm formation and associated occlusion by biomimetic glycocalyxlike polymer in central venous catheters.

The use of catheters and other implanted devices is constantly increasing in modern medicine. Although catheters improve patients' healthcare, the hydrophobic nature of their surface material promotes protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Catheters are therefore prone to complications, such as colonization by bacterial and fungal biofilms, associated infections, and thrombosis.

Luminescence of polyethylene glycol coated CdSeTe/ZnS and InP/ZnS nanoparticles in the presence of copper cations.

The use of click chemistry for quantum dot (QD) functionalization could be very promising for the development of bioconjugates dedicated to in vivo applications. Alkyne-azide ligation usually requires copper(I) catalysis. The luminescence response of CdSeTe/ZnS nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is studied in the presence of copper cations, and compared to that of InP/ZnS QDs coated with mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA).

Copper-free click chemistry for highly luminescent quantum dot conjugates: application to in vivo metabolic imaging.

Quantum dots (QD) are inorganic nanocrystals with outstanding optical properties, specially suited for biological imaging applications. Their attachment to biomolecules in mild aqueous conditions for the design of bioconjugates is therefore highly desirable. 1,3-dipolar [3 + 2] cycloaddition between azides and terminal alkynes ("click chemistry") could represent an attractive QD functionalization method.

Novel water-soluble near-infrared cyanine dyes: synthesis, spectral properties, and use in the preparation of internally quenched fluorescent probes.

In this paper, we describe the synthesis and the photophysical properties of two novel near-infrared (NIR) cyanine dyes (NIR5.5-2 and NIR7.0-2) which are water soluble potential substitutes of the commercially available Cy 5.