Determinants of non-vaccination against seasonal influenza during pregnancy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of influenza non-vaccination during pregnancy in Canada.

Methods: Biological mothers of children born between December 2018 and March 2019 were surveyed about vaccinations they had received during pregnancy, reasons for non-vaccination, obstetrical history, and demographics. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to measure associations between various sociodemographic factors as well as obstetrical history, and non-vaccination against influenza.

Racial disparities in COVID-19 vaccination in Canada: results from the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey.

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage have been observed in Canada and in other countries. We aimed to compare vaccination coverage for at least 1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine between First Nations people living off reserve and Métis, Black, Arab, Chinese, South Asian and White people.

Methods: We used data collected between June 2021 and June 2022 by Statistics Canada's Canadian Community Health Survey, a large, nationally representative cross-sectional study.

The effect of vaccine mandate announcements on vaccine uptake in Canada: An interrupted time series analysis.

Introduction: In 2021, the ten provinces in Canada enacted COVID-19 vaccine mandates that restricted access to non-essential businesses and services to those that could provide proof of full vaccination to decrease the risk of transmission and provide an incentive for vaccination. This analysis aims to examine the effects of vaccine mandate announcements on vaccine uptake over time by age group and province.

Methods: Aggregated data from the Canadian COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Surveillance System (CCVCSS) were used to measure vaccine uptake (defined as the weekly proportion of individuals who received at least one dose) among those 12 years and older following the announcement of vaccination requirements.

Sociodemographic Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Vaccination Intent in Canada.

Introduction: This study's objective was to examine sociodemographic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake and vaccination intent in the Canadian provinces by identifying factors associated with vaccine uptake in seniors prioritized for vaccination at the time of the survey and vaccination intent in all adults.

Data And Methods: A cross-sectional survey of Canadian adults was conducted in all provinces from mid-April to mid-May 2021. In addition to sociodemographic characteristics, respondents (n=10,678) provided information on their COVID-19 vaccination status or their intent to get vaccinated.

Circulatory health risks from additive multi-pollutant models: short-term exposure to three common air pollutants in Canada.

Numerous studies have reported adverse health effects of ambient air pollution on circulatory health outcomes mainly based on single-pollutant models. However, limited studies have focused on adjusted effect of multi-pollutant exposures on public health. This study aimed to examine short-term effects of three common air pollutants-ground-level ozone (ozone), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and fine particulate matter (PM)-through multi-pollutant models for mixed effect of adjustment.

Measuring inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake and intent: results from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2021.

Background: By July 2021, Canada had received enough COVID-19 vaccines to fully vaccinate every eligible Canadian. However, despite the availability of vaccines, some eligible individuals remain unvaccinated. Differences in vaccination uptake can be driven by health inequalities which have been exacerbated and amplified by the pandemic.

Sex-difference in air pollution-related acute circulatory and respiratory mortality and hospitalization.

Background: Numerous studies have estimated adverse effects of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution on public health. Few have focused on sex-differences, and results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was three-fold: to identify sex-differences in air pollution-related health outcomes; to examine sex-differences by cause and season; and to examine time trends in sex-differences.

Exposure Load: Using biomonitoring data to quantify multi-chemical exposure burden in a population.

People are often concurrently exposed to numerous chemicals. Here we sought to leverage existing large biomonitoring datasets to improve our understanding of multi-chemical exposures in a population. Using nationally-representative data from the 2012-2015 Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), we developed Exposure Load, a metric that counts the number of chemicals measured in people above a defined concentration threshold.

Pollutant-sex specific differences in respiratory hospitalization and mortality risk attributable to short-term exposure to ambient air pollution.

Background: Many studies have reported associations of individual pollutants with respiratory hospitalization and mortality based on different populations, which makes it difficult to directly compare adverse health effects among multiple air pollutants.

Objectives: The study goal is to compare acute respiratory-related hospitalization and mortality associated with short-term exposure to three ambient air pollutants and analyze differences in health risks by season, age and sex.

Methods: Hourly measurements of air pollutants (ozone, NO, PM) and temperature were collected from ground-monitors for 24 cities along with daily hospitalization (1996-2012) and mortality (1984-2012) data.

Comparison of hospitalization and mortality associated with short-term exposure to ambient ozone and PM in Canada.

Background: Hospitalization and mortality (H-M) have been linked to air pollution separately. However, previous studies have not adequately compared whether air pollution is a stronger risk factor for hospitalization or mortality. This study aimed to investigate differences in H-M risk from short-term ozone and PM exposures, and determine whether differences are modified by season, age, and sex.

Temporal trends in associations between ozone and circulatory mortality in age and sex in Canada during 1984-2012.

Background: Considerable research has been conducted on the association between ground-level ozone (ozone) and various causes of mortality, but the relationships by age and sex (biological) have been inconsistent, and temporal trends remain unexplored.

Objectives: The study goals are to investigate the adverse health effects of short-term exposure to ozone on circulatory mortality by age and sex, and to examine trends in annual health effects.

Methods: Daily ozone, temperature, and circulatory mortality counts (ICD I00-I99) were collected for 24 urban cities for 29 years (1984-2012).