The expression of YAP1 is increased in high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma but is reduced in neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

Background: After long-term androgen deprivation therapy, 25-30% prostate cancer (PCa) acquires an aggressive neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype. Dysregulation of YAP1, a key transcription coactivator of the Hippo pathway, has been related to cancer progression. However, its role in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) has not been assessed.

Prostatic adenocarcinoma with novel gene fusion: a case report.

gene fusion occurs in approximately 50% of prostatic adenocarcinoma and their expression is associated with aggressive phenotype, higher tumor stage, and tumor metastasis. A case of prostatic adenocarcinoma with translocation was previously reported. We report a prostatic adenocarcinoma with novel gene fusion that occurs in a 71-year-old male patient with aggressive histologic phenotype and multiple bony metastases.

Renal cell carcinoma with leiomyomatous stroma: a review of an emerging entity distinct from clear cell conventional renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinomas accounts for 65 to 75% of all malignant renal tumors. The International Society of Urological Pathology 2012 Vancouver Classification of renal neoplasia and the World Health Organization 2016 Classification of renal tumors have included renal cell carcinoma with leiomyomatous stroma in a category of emerging/provisional entities of renal cell carcinoma. Macroscopically, renal cell carcinomas with leiomyomatous stroma are well circumscribed tumors with a cut surface of gray-white fibrotic tissues.

Biomarker and Pathologic Predictors of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Aggressiveness.

Objective: Aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) patients are at increased risk of metastasis. Currently, there are no accepted criteria or biomarkers for reliably predicting individuals at risk for recurrence and metastasis. Our objective is to determine if pS6 and pERK can predict cSCC aggressiveness and to identify primary tumor characteristics that may predict parotid metastasis.

Teasing out the best molecular marker in the AKT/mTOR pathway in head and neck squamous cell cancer patients.

Objectives/hypothesis: No reliable molecular biomarker is currently available for clinical application in the management of head and neck cancer patients. The AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in 90% to 100% of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) and could be promising biomarkers closely linked to cancer incidence.

Study Design: Retrospective study of HNSCC and non-cancer patients.

Severe autoimmune hypoglycemia with insulin antibodies necessitating plasmapheresis.

Objective: To report a case of autoimmune hypoglycemia.

Methods: We describe the clinical course of a patient with autoimmune hypoglycemia, including results of biochemical and histocompatibility antigen studies, as well as the therapeutic intervention and follow-up.

Results: A 77-year-old man presented with clinical manifestations of severe spontaneous hypoglycemia associated with extremely high levels of insulin (>300 mU/mL) and insulin antibodies (>100 U/mL) without any exogenous insulin administration.