Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidal Salmonella from retail meat in California.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global emerging problem for food safety and public health. Retail meat is one of the vehicles that may transmit antimicrobial resistant bacteria to humans. Here we assessed the phenotypic and genotypic resistance of non-typhoidal Salmonella from retail meat collected in California in 2019 by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) Retail Food Surveillance program.

Distribution of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in retail Nile tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) as potential sources of foodborne illness.

This study aimed to investigate AMR profiles of Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) (n = 276) purchased from fresh markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand.

Occurrence and molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing and isolated from the retail produce commodities in Bangkok, Thailand.

The incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment is often overlooked and leads to serious health threats under the One Health paradigm. Infection with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in humans and animals has been widely examined, with the mode of transmission routes such as food, water, and contact with a contaminated environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and molecular characteristics of resistant () ( = 59) and () ( = 392) isolated from produce commodities collected from fresh markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand.

Impact of zinc supplementation on phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of fecal commensal bacteria from pre-weaned dairy calves.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of dietary zinc supplementation in pre-weaned dairy calves on the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of fecal commensal bacteria. A repository of fecal specimens from a random sample of calves block-randomized into placebo (n = 39) and zinc sulfate (n = 28) groups collected over a zinc supplementation clinical trial at the onset of calf diarrhea, calf diarrheal cure, and the last day of 14 cumulative days of zinc or placebo treatment were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for Enterococcus spp.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of spp. and spp. in retail shrimp in Northern California.

Shrimp is one of the most consumed seafood products globally. Antimicrobial drugs play an integral role in disease mitigation in aquaculture settings, but their prevalent use raises public health concerns on the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. spp.

Dispersal and Risk Factors for Airborne Escherichia coli in the Proximity to Beef Cattle Feedlots.

California Leafy Green Products Handler Marketing Agreement (LGMA) established food safety metrics with guidance recommendations of 366 m (1,200 feet) and 1,609 m (1 mile) distances between production fields of leafy greens and a concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) containing >1,000 and >80,000 head of cattle, respectively. This study evaluated the effect of these distance metrics and environmental factors on the occurrence of airborneEscherichia coliin proximity to seven commercial beef cattle feedlots located in Imperial Valley, California. A total of 168 air samples were collected from seven beef cattle feedlots during March and April 2020, which were the months implicated in the 2018 Yuma Arizona lettuce outbreak of E.

Assessment of Prevalence and Diversity of Antimicrobial Resistant from Retail Meats in Southern California.

Retail meat products may serve as reservoirs and conduits for antimicrobial resistance, which is frequently monitored using as indicator bacteria. In this study, isolation was conducted on 221 retail meat samples (56 chicken, 54 ground turkey, 55 ground beef, and 56 pork chops) collected over a one-year period from grocery stores in southern California. The overall prevalence of in retail meat samples was 47.

Emergence of colistin resistance and characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of , spp., and isolated from hybrid red tilapia cage culture.

Background: Tilapia is a primary aquaculture fish in Thailand, but little is known about the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in , spp., and colonizing healthy tilapia intended for human consumption and the co-occurrence of these AMR bacteria in the cultivation water.

Methods: This study determined the phenotype and genotype of AMR, extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL) production, and virulence factors of , spp.

Low to Zero Concentrations of Airborne Bacterial Pathogens and Indicator in Proximity to Beef Cattle Feedlots in Imperial Valley, California.

This study characterized the effect of distance from beef cattle feedlots, environmental factors, and climate on the occurrence of airborne bacterial indicators and pathogens. Three hundred air samples were collected over 6 months from five feedlots, with each air sample comprising 6000 L of air. Air samples were processed onto TSB-enriched air filters, qPCR-screened, and then qPCR-confirmed for suspect positive colonies of O157, non-O157-Shiga-toxin-producing (STEC), , and .

Molecular Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Profiles of , spp., and spp. Isolated from Coastal Seawater for Aquaculture.

The occurrence of waterborne antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in areas of high-density oyster cultivation is an ongoing environmental and public health threat given the popularity of shellfish consumption, water-related human recreation throughout coastal Thailand, and the geographical expansion of Thailand's shellfish industry. This study characterized the association of phenotypic and genotypic AMR, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, and virulence genes isolated from waterborne () ( = 84), () subsp. ( = 12), () ( = 249), and () ( = 39) from Thailand's coastal aquaculture regions.

Diverse Genotypes of in Sheep in California, USA.

spp. is a parasite that can infect a wide variety of vertebrate species. The parasite has been detected in sheep worldwide with diverse species and genotypes of various levels of zoonotic potential and public health concern.

Impact of joint interactions with humans and social interactions with conspecifics on the risk of zooanthroponotic outbreaks among wildlife populations.

Pandemics caused by pathogens that originate in wildlife highlight the importance of understanding the behavioral ecology of disease outbreaks at human-wildlife interfaces. Specifically, the relative effects of human-wildlife and wildlife-wildlife interactions on disease outbreaks among wildlife populations in urban and peri-urban environments remain unclear. We used social network analysis and epidemiological Susceptible-Infected-Recovered models to simulate zooanthroponotic outbreaks, through wild animals' joint propensities to co-interact with humans, and their social grooming of conspecifics.

Dynamic changes in fecal bacterial microbiota of dairy cattle across the production line.

Background: Microbiota play important roles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of dairy cattle as the communities are responsible for host health, growth, and production performance. However, a systematic characterization and comparison of microbial communities in the GIT of cattle housed in different management units on a modern dairy farm are still lacking. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to evaluate the fecal bacterial communities of 90 dairy cattle housed in 12 distinctly defined management units on a modern dairy farm.

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Non-typhoidal From Retail Meat Products in California, 2018.

Non-typhoidal remains a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, with food animal products serving as a key conduit for transmission. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an additional public health concern warranting better understanding of its epidemiology. In this study, 958 retail meat samples collected from January to December 2018 in California were tested for .

Bacterial diversity and potential risk factors associated with contamination of seafood products sold in retail markets in Bangkok, Thailand.

Consumption of contaminated food causes 600 million cases, including 420,000 of fatal infections every year. Estimated cost from food-borne illnesses is USD 110 billion per year, which is an economic burden to low- and middle-income countries. Thailand is a leading producer and consumer of seafood, but little is known about bacterial contamination in seafood.

Understanding the transmission dynamics of O157:H7 super-shedding infections in feedlot cattle.

Background: The presence of O157:H7 ( O157:H7) super-shedding cattle in feedlots has the potential to increase the overall number (bio-burden) of O157:H7 in the environment. It is important to identify factors to reduce the bio-burden of O157 in feedlots by clarifying practices associated with the occurrence of super-shedders in feedlot cattle.

Methods: The objective of this study is to (1) identify host, pathogen, and management risk factors associated with naturally infected feedlot cattle excreting high concentrations of O157:H7 in their feces and (2) to determine whether the ingested dose or the specific strain of O157:H7 influences a super-shedder infection within experimentally inoculated feedlot cattle.

Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Associated Phenotypes in and from Cattle at Different Production Stages on a Dairy Farm in Central California.

The objectives of this study were to characterize overall genomic antibiotic resistance profiles of fecal and spp. from dairy cattle at different production stages using whole-genome sequencing and to determine the association between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and their corresponding genotypes. The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) and ResFinder, two publicly available databases of antimicrobial resistance genes, were used to annotate isolates.

Dairy management practices associated with multi-drug resistant fecal commensals and in cull cows: a machine learning approach.

Background: Understanding the effects of herd management practices on the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic and commensals spp. in dairy cattle is key in reducing antibacterial resistant infections in humans originating from food animals. Our objective was to explore the herd and cow level features associated with the multi-drug resistant, and resistance phenotypes shared between , and spp.

Diverse Genotypes and Species of in Wild Rodent Species from the West Coast of the USA and Implications for Raw Produce Safety and Microbial Water Quality.

spp. are protozoan parasites that infect perhaps all vertebrate animals, with a subset of species and genotypes that function as food- and waterborne pathogens. The objective of this work was to collate the species and genotypes from common wild rodents on the west coast of the USA and update the information regarding the zoonotic potential of from these ubiquitous wild species.

Correction: Kovanda, L., et al. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Organic Acids and Their Derivatives on Several Species of Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria. 2019, , 3770.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper published in [...

Prevalence and Genotypes of Cryptosporidium in Wildlife Populations Co-Located in a Protected Watershed in the Pacific Northwest, 2013 to 2016.

Between October 2013 and May 2016, 506 scat samples were collected from 22 species of wildlife located in a protected watershed of a major municipal water supply in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Overall prevalence of in the wildlife scat was 13.8% (70/506), with 15 species of wildlife found positive for .

An Insight into Surface Topographical Parameters and Bacterial Adhesion: A Case Study of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A Attachment on 304 Stainless Steel.

Abstract: Bacterial attachment on surfaces is an important biological and industrial concern. Many parameters affect cell attachment behavior, including surface roughness and other topographical features. An understanding of these relationships is critical in the light of recent outbreaks caused by foodborne bacteria.

Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal culture and PCR-based tests for the detection of in California cull dairy cattle.

Epidemiological studies of low prevalence disease problems are often hindered by the high cost of diagnostic testing. The objective of this study was to evaluate PCR screening of both individual and pooled fecal samples from culled dairy cows for the A gene of followed by culture to determine if the sensitivity and specificity were comparable to the results from traditional culture methods applied to individual samples. Cows from six different dairies were sampled in all four seasons.

Sex differences in the impact of social status on hair cortisol concentrations in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Social status impacts stress in primates, but the direction of the effect differs depending on species, social style, and group stability. This complicates our ability to identify broadly applicable principles for understanding how social status impacts health and fitness. One reason for this is the fact that social status is often measured as linear dominance rank, yet social status is more complex than simply high or low rank.