Gut-Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders-How Microbiomes Affect our Mental Health.

The gut microbiota is an essential part of the gastrointestinal tract and recent research, including clinical and preclinical studies, shed light on the interaction between the gut and the brain. A rising amount of evidence strongly proves the involvement of gut microbes in brain function and their contribution in altering behavior, mood, and ultimately in the pathogenesis of certain neurological conditions. The gut microbiota produces and modulates neurotransmitters such as GABA, serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, etc.

Cellulose nanocrystals: Fundamentals and biomedical applications.

The present review explores the recent developments of cellulose nanocrystals, a class of captivating nanomaterials in variety of applications. CNCs are made by acid hydrolysing cellulosic materials like wood, cotton, tunicate, flax fibers by sonochemistry. It has many desirable properties, including a high tensile strength, wide surface area, stiffness, exceptional colloidal stability, and the ability to be modified.

Nano intervention in topical delivery of corticosteroid for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis-a systematic review.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are highly prevalent, complex, chronic inflammatory skin diseases that immensly affect the patient's quality of life. While there is no definitive cure for these conditions, suppressive medications aim at managing the symptoms of these diseases. The application of emollients accompanied by symptomatic anti-inflammatory therapy consisting of topical corticosteroids (TCS) is extensively employed for controlling the symptoms among general practitioners making this therapeutic class an indispensable pillar of dermatotherapeutics.

Current insights on clinical efficacy of roflumilast for treatment of COPD, asthma and ACOS.

Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE4) are of great interest for the treatment of airway inflammatory diseases due to its broad anti-inflammatory effects. Roflumilast is a selective PDE4 inhibitor that inhibits pulmonary and systemic inflammation and rallies symptoms in airway diseases. Asthma and COPD are common chronic airway inflammatory diseases having incompletely illustrious pathophysiology and clinical manifestations.

CDI cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges of paliperidone: synthesis and physicochemical characterization.

Paliperidone (PLP) is an antipsychotic drug indicated for treatment and management of schizophrenia. The current study demonstrates potential of PLP-loaded β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CDNS) for solubility enhancement and prolonged release of PLP. The inclusion complexes of PLP with carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) cross-linked nanosponges were synthesized.

β-Cyclodextrin-based inclusion complexes and nanocomposites of rivaroxaban for solubility enhancement.

Rivaroxaban (RIV) is an oral anticoagulant used in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in adult patients after total hip replacement or total knee replacement surgery. It is practically insoluble in water and buffer systems (pH 3-9). The present study was aimed to investigate the β-CD-based inclusion complexes and nanocomposites of rivaroxaban (RIV) for solubility and dissolution enhancement.

Design and Development of Novel 2-(Morpholinyl)-N-substituted Phenylquinazolin-4-amines as Selective COX-II Inhibitor.

Background: A novel series of 2-(Morpholin-4-yl)-N-phenylquinazolin-4- amine derivatives were synthesized and confirmed with spectral and elemental techniques.

Methods: The compounds were tested for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity by various pain models in rodents whereas the selectivity towards COX-2 receptor is determined by in vitro assay.

Results: Screening results of compounds exhibited comparable biological activity with that of standard compound Indomethacin used for study.

Bone Health and Natural Products- An Insight.

Bone metabolism involves a complex balance between matrix deposition, mineralization, and resorption. Numerous evidences have revealed that dietary components and phytoconstituents can influence these processes, through inhibition of bone resorption, thus exhibiting beneficial effects on the skeleton. Various traditional herbal formulae in ayurvedic and Chinese medicine have shown demonstrable benefits in pharmacological models of osteoporosis.

Mycobacterial siderophore: A review on chemistry and biology of siderophore and its potential as a target for tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis is known to secrete low molecular mass compounds called siderophores especially under low iron conditions to chelate iron from host environment. Iron is essential for growth and other essential processes to sustain life of the bacterium in the host. Hence targeting siderophore is considered to be an alternative approach to prevent further virulence of bacterium into the host.

Dendrimers: A versatile nanocarrier for drug delivery and targeting.

Dendrimers are novel polymeric nanoarchitectures characterized by hyper-branched 3D-structure having multiple functional groups on the surface that increases their functionality and make them versatile and biocompatible. Their unique properties like nanoscale uniform size, high degree of branching, polyvalency, water solubility, available internal cavities and convenient synthesis approaches make them promising agent for biological and drug delivery applications. Dendrimers have received an enormous attention from researchers among various nanomaterials.

DNA gyrase inhibitors: Progress and synthesis of potent compounds as antibacterial agents.

DNA gyrase is classified as topoisomerase II, an ATP-dependent enzyme that is vital in the transcription, replication of DNA and chromosome segregation processes. It plays a crucial role in all bacteria except higher eukaryotes and this makes it a desirable and viable therapeutic target for development of new antibacterial agents. Fluoroquinolones are commonly used effective antibacterial agents that target DNA gyrase, however the spectrum of side-effects and emerging bacterial resistance with no new drugs in the antibacterial pipeline has fuelled intensive research in this area.

Development and Evaluation of pH-Responsive Cyclodextrin-Based in situ Gel of Paliperidone for Intranasal Delivery.

Paliperidone (PLPD) is approved for treatment and management of schizophrenia. The current study demonstrates the potential of in situ gel of PLPD for nasal delivery. The permeation of drug through sheep nasal mucosa was analyzed since the nose-to-brain pathway has been indicated for delivering drugs to the brain.

Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges: A critical review.

Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CD-NS) are innovative cross-linked cyclodextrin polymers nanostructured within three-dimensional network. CD-NS are highly porous nanoparticles characterized by crystalline or amorphous structure, spherical shape and swelling properties. Different cross-linkers provide variety of nanosponges.

Inclusion Complexation of Etodolac with Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and Auxiliary Agents: Formulation Characterization and Molecular Modeling Studies.

The present investigation was aimed to prepare inclusion complexes of a therapeutically important nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, etodolac (ETD) with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and to study the effect of l-arginine (l-Arg) as an auxiliary agent on the complexation efficiency of HP-β-CD to improve aqueous solubility and the dissolution property of ETD. The binary and ternary complexes were prepared by physical mixing, coevaporation, and spray drying methods. The complexes were characterized using differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies.

Inclusion Complexes of Hydroxy Propyl-β-Cyclodextrin and Paliperidone: Preparation and Characterization.

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to improve aqueous solubility of a BCS class II drug by making an inclusion complex with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). Paliperidone (PALI) was selected as a model drug for the study. It is practically insoluble in water with low oral bioavailability.