C1-2 and C2-3 Instability in the Presence of Hypoplastic Posterior Elements of C2 Vertebra: Report of 2 Cases.

Background: We present 2 cases involving a previously unreported clinical situation in which basilar invagination, atlantoaxial instability, and C2-3 instability were associated with a bifid posterior arch of the axis bone.

Case Descriptions: Two young males presented with limb weakness, spasticity, and paresthesias. Both patients had altered voice quality, with reduced and thin volume, and difficulty sleeping supine.

Extraspinal-Interdural Surgical Approach for C2 Neurinomas-Report of an Experience with 50 Cases.

Objective: We report our experience with surgery in 50 patients with C2 neurinomas. The anatomic subtleties of these discrete forms of tumors and their surgical implications are analyzed.

Methods: During the period 2006-2016, we operated on 50 patients with 55 C2 neurinomas.

Atlantoaxial Fixation for Odontoid Fracture: Analysis of 124 Surgically Treated Cases.

Objective: The authors analyze 124 cases with fracture of odontoid process. All patients were surgically treated by posterior atlantoaxial fixation.

Methods: There were 96 male and 28 female patients.

Radiological Evaluation of 510 Cases of Basilar Invagination with Evidence of Atlantoaxial Instability (Group A Basilar Invagination).

Objective: To evaluate the musculoskeletal and soft tissue neural alterations in cases with group A basilar invagination.

Methods: Between January 2007 and August 2016, 510 patients with group A basilar invagination were surgically treated. The radiologic images of these patients were reviewed retrospectively.

Only spinal fixation as treatment of prolapsed cervical intervertebral disc in patients presenting with myelopathy.

Aim: An alternative form of surgical treatment of prolapsed cervical intervertebral disc in patients presenting with symptoms related to myelopathy is discussed. The treatment involved fixation of the affected spinal segments and aimed at arthrodesis. No direct manipulation or handling of the disc was done.

Chiari malformation: Has the dilemma ended?

Chiari malformation as a clinical entity has been described more than hundred years ago. The concepts regarding pathogenesis, clinical features and management options have not yet conclusively evolved. Considering that a variety of treatment methods are being adopted to treat Chiari malformation is suggestive of the fact that confusion still reigns supreme in the minds of treating clinicians.

Atlantoaxial instability associated with pan cervical vertebral fusion: Report on management of 4 cases.

We report a series of four patients aged 4, 5, 14, and 27 years (1 male and 3 female patients) with severe shortening of the neck and torticollis since early childhood who presented with complaint of pain in the nape of neck as the primary symptom. All four patients had relatively well preserved neurological functions. One patient had vertical mobile and reducible atlantoaxial dislocation, and 3 patients had anteroposterior mobile and reducible dislocation.

Atlantoaxial Fixation for Chiari 1 Formation in Pediatric Age-Group Patients: Report of Treatment in 33 Patients.

Objective: The role of atlantoaxial instability in the pathogenesis of Chiari 1 formation (Chiari formation) in pediatric age-group patients is evaluated.

Material And Methods: During the period of January 2010 to June 2017, 33 pediatric patients having Chiari formation were treated with atlantoaxial fixation. Twenty-four patients had basilar invagination, and 9 patients had no bone abnormality at the craniovertebral junction.

Pial Arteriovenous Fistula: A Brief Review and Report of 14 Surgically Treated Cases.

Objective: The authors report their successful experience of treating 14 cases of pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) by direct surgery.

Methods: During the period January 2010 to April 2017, 14 patients with PAVF were treated by surgery. Only those patients were selected who had a single arterial feeding channel.

Subtemporal "Interdural" Surgical Approach for "Giant" Facial Nerve Neurinomas.

Objective: The management issues of 15 cases of giant and dumbbell-shaped facial neurinomas that extended both in the middle and posterior cranial fossa are reported.

Material And Methods: During the period 2002 to June 2017, we surgically treated 15 cases of giant and dumbbell shaped facial neurinomas: 10 males and 5 females ranging from 17-59 years (average 34.2 years).

Three-dimensional model printing for surgery on arteriovenous malformations.

Aim: Surgery for intracranial complex vascular malformations can be quite exigent and involves considerable preoperative planning. Here, we present the advantages of using three-dimensional (3D) printed models as a preoperative investigational modality.

Material And Methods: 3D printed models were made from thin-slice computed tomography (CT) angiography scans of 6 patients with arteriovenous malformations over an18-month period from August 2015 to December 2016.

Duration of post-operative hypocortisolism predicts sustained remission after pituitary surgery for Cushing's disease.

Purpose: Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the primary treatment modality for Cushing's disease (CD). However, the predictors of post-operative remission and recurrence remain debatable. Thus, we studied the post-operative remission and long-term recurrence rates, as well as their respective predictive factors.

Corpus callosal lipoma extending as nasal encephalocoel/cranial lipomeningocoel.

A hitherto unreported case is presented wherein a 2year old child had a 'cranial lipomeningocoel' or a 'nasal lipo-encephalocoel'. The child presented with a growing mass in the base of the nose. Investigations revealed that the nasal mass was a lipoma that was an extension of intracranial lipoma.

Condylar Joint Fusion and Stabilization (by Screws and Plates) in Nontraumatic Atlanto-Occipital Dislocation: Technical Report of 2 Cases.

Background: Nontraumatic spontaneous atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) is rare. In this report, we discuss the technical steps of condylar joint fusion and stabilization (by screws and plates) in nontraumatic AOD. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of such techniques.

Restoration of miR-30a expression inhibits growth, tumorigenicity of medulloblastoma cells accompanied by autophagy inhibition.

Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor. About 30% patients have metastasis at diagnosis and respond poorly to treatment. Those that survive, suffer long term neurocognitive, endocrine and developmental defects due to the cytotoxic treatment to developing child brain.

Multilevel Spinal Segmental Fixation for Kyphotic Cervical Spinal Deformity in Pediatric Age Group-Report of Management in 2 Cases.

Objective: We discuss the role of instability of multiple spinal segments including the atlantoaxial joint in the pathogenesis of cervical kyphotic deformity.

Material And Methods: Two male patients (5 and 17 years old) had severe cervical kyphosis and presented with symptoms related to myelopathy. The patients underwent multisegmental spinal distraction and fixation that included atlantoaxial joint.

Transventricular Migration of Neurocysticercosis.

Background: The movements of a neurocysticercosis cyst within the ventricular cavity have been identified rarely.

Case Description: A 22-year old male patient presented with the main symptom of diplopia for about a week. Findings of the neurologic examination revealed bilateral sixth cranial nerve weakness.