Lack of factor VIII detection in humans and dogs with an intron 22 inversion challenges hypothesis regarding inhibitor risk.

Background: Almost half of severe hemophilia A (HA) cases are caused by an intron 22 inversion (Int22Inv) mutation, which truncates the 26-exon F8 messenger RNA (mRNA) after exon 22. Another F8 transcript, F8, is initiated from within F8-intron-22. F8 mRNA consists of a short exon spliced to exons 23 to 26 and is expressed in multiple human cell types.

Analysis of the impact of intraventricular hemorrhage on the functional outcome of ruptured anterior cerebral artery aneurysm after clipping.

Background: Various clinical symptoms and variables have been suggested as potential indicators of outcomes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) resulting from ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The detailed discussion of the consequences of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), frequently reported in cases of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms, is still pending. The study aimed to assess the results of aneurysm surgery performed early versus delayed in patients with SAH, specifically focusing on the occurrence of IVH.

Tubercular Osteomyelitis of Bilateral Acromion Process: A Case Report.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the well-known diseases with significant morbidity and financial burden on the society and health care. Tubercular osteomyelitis constitutes about 10-11% of all extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Disease is believed to be a great imposter, as disease may present in varied forms and/or in atypical sites, making it prone to be missed or misdiagnosed.

pH-Sensitive Targeting of Tumors with Chemotherapy-Laden Nanoparticles: Progress and Challenges.

Accumulating chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin within a tumor while limiting the drug dose to normal tissues is a central goal of drug delivery with nanoparticles. Liposomal products such as Doxil represent one of the marked successes of nanoparticle-based strategies. To replicate this success for cancer treatment, many approaches with nanoparticles are being explored in order to direct and release chemotherapeutic agents to achieve higher accumulation in tumors.

Comparative Characterization of Different Molecular Formats of Bispecific Antibodies Targeting EGFR and PD-L1.

We generated two IgG1-like bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) with different molecular formats, symmetrical DVD-Ig and asymmetrical knob-in-hole (KIH), targeting the same antigens, EGFR and PD-L1 (designated as anti-EGFR/PD-L1). We performed the physiochemical and biological characterization of these two formats of anti-EGFR/PD-L1 BsAbs and compared some key quality attributes and biological activities of these two formats of BsAbs. Physiochemical binding characterization data demonstrated that both formats bound EGFR and PD-L1.

Effect of Tunnel Drilling Portal on Femoral Tunnel Entry Aperture's Location in Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Introduction Transportal techniques for femoral tunnel drilling have the advantage of anatomical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, which was earlier difficult to achieve through transtibial femoral tunnels. However, the medial arthroscopic portal used for femoral tunnel drilling in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has not been uniformly placed in different studies. Therefore, we performed a computed tomography-based analysis to compare the femoral tunnel entry aperture of the ACLR cases that used the standard AM portal and those using a far medial portal for femoral tunnel drilling.

Marked increase in tumor transfection with a truncated branched polymer.

Background: We previously determined that polyplexes formed by linear H2K peptides were more effective in transfecting tumors in vivo than polyplexes formed by branched H2K4b-20 peptides. Based on trypsin digest and salt displacement studies, the linear H2K polyplexes were less stable than the branched H2K4b-20 polyplexes. Because binding and release of the polymer and DNA from the H2K4b-20 polyplex may account for the ineffectiveness, we investigated whether four-branched histidine-lysine (HK) peptides with varying numbers of amino acids in their branches would be more effective in their ability to increase gene expression in tumors in vivo.

Inhalable particles containing isoniazid and rifabutin as adjunct therapy for safe, efficacious and relapse-free cure of experimental animal tuberculosis in one month.

We investigated the preclinical efficacy and safety/tolerability of biodegradable polymeric particles containing isoniazid (INH) and rifabutin (RFB) dry powder for inhalation (DPI) as an adjunct to oral first-line therapy. Mice and guinea pigs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) were treated with ∼80 and ∼300 μg of the DPI, respectively, for 3-4 weeks starting 3, 10, and 30 days post-infection. Adjunct combination therapy eliminated culturable Mtb from the lungs and spleens of all but one of 52 animals that received the DPI.

A Novel Bispecific Antibody Targeting EGFR and VEGFR2 Is Effective against Triple Negative Breast Cancer via Multiple Mechanisms of Action.

Both EGFR and VEGFR2 frequently overexpress in TNBC and cooperate with each other in autocrine and paracrine manner to enhance tumor growth and angiogenesis. Therapeutic mAbs targeting EGFR (cetuximab) and VEGFR2 (ramucirumab) are approved by FDA for numerous cancer indications, but none of them are approved to treat breast cancers. TNBC cells secrete VEGF-A, which mediates angiogenesis on endothelial cells in a paracrine fashion, as well as promotes cancer cell growth in autocrine manner.

Intraoperative microsurgical anatomy of the anterior communicating artery complex harbouring an anterior cerebral territory aneurysm.

Background: The vascular anatomy of the anterior communicating artery complex (ACAC), the most frequent site of occurrence of aneurysms, is complex and associated with many anatomical and morphological variations.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical variations of ACAC in the Indian population.

Setting And Design: This was an observational study.

Dorsal hemangioblastoma manifesting as holocord syringomyelia.

Background: Intramedullary spinal hemangioblastomas are known to be accompanied by syringomyelia.

Case Description: Here, we report a patient who presented with symptoms of a Chiari malformation but was found to have a D4 intramedullary hemangioblastoma with a holocord syrinx.

Conclusions: Although rare, neurosurgeons should keep in mind the possibility of an intramedullary hemangioblastoma in patients presenting with symptoms of a Chiari malformation.

Autologous Platelet-rich Plasma versus Corticosteroid in the Management of Elbow Epicondylitis: A Randomized Study.

Introduction: Elbow epicondylar tendinitis is a common problem for patients whose activities require strong gripping or repetitive wrist movements in the day-to-day activities of life. Histologic specimens from chronic cases confirm that tendinitis is not an acute inflammatory condition but rather a failure of the normal tendon repair mechanism associated with angiofibroblastic degeneration. Tendon regeneration may be improved by injecting autologous growth factors obtained from the patient's own blood.

Analgesic Effect of Intra-articular Morphine or Dexmedetomidine Added with Levobupivacaine in Arthroscopic Knee Surgeries - A Comparative Evaluation.

Introduction: Knee arthroscopy is associated with variable amount of postoperative pain. In an attempt to improve postoperative analgesia, intra-articular injection of local anaesthetic in combination with other agent have been studied. However, the best combination is not known.

Effect of zoledronic acid on fracture healing in osteoporotic patients with intertrochanteric fractures.

Aims: To assess the effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on fracture healing in osteoporotic patients with intertrochanteric fracture based on radiological evaluation and to study the correlations between severity of osteoporosis, age, gender, and time taken to fracture union.

Settings And Design: An open label study was conducted on 43 patients at a tertiary care center.

Subjects And Methods: The osteoporosis status of all the included patients was documented using a double-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan.

Some proteins of M. tuberculosis that localise to the nucleus of THP-1-derived macrophages.

Host-pathogen dialectics in tuberculosis (TB) via DNA-protein interactions are emerging. We investigated whether proteins produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) could translocate to the host nucleus. Using lysates of nuclei purified from Mtb-infected THP-1-derived macrophages, we identified at least 15 proteins of Mtb-origin by electrophoretic and chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry.

Transanal protrusion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt via appendicular perforation: A rare case report.

Perforation of abdominal viscera and protrusion of the distal end of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) through natural orifice is well known but rare complication. We report a case of a transanal protrusion of distal end of VPS through appendix perforation without any symptomatology of prior appendicitis. To the best of our knowledge, no case of such kind has been reported in literature yet.

A Study on the Correlation of Pertrochanteric Osteoporotic Fracture Severity with the Severity of Osteoporosis.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease caused by progressive bone loss. It is characterized by low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and structural deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. When classifying a fracture, high reliability and validity are crucial for successful treatment.

Improvement in quality of life in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a prospective study.

A cohort of 50 newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was prospectively studied and compared with controls to assess and quantify their quality of life using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Quality of Life (QOL)-BREF score before and after a Directly Observed Therapy Short (DOTS) course. It was concluded that health-related quality of life is impaired by tuberculosis and shows significant improvement with the DOTS treatment.

Evaluation of Probability of Survival using APACHE II & TRISS Method in Orthopaedic Polytrauma Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the ability of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scoring system and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) method to evaluate chances of survival of orthopaedic polytrauma patients.

Materials And Methods: It is a retrospective study carried out at a tertiary care teaching hospital situated in a hilly terrain. The medical records of 535 polytrauma patients admitted to ICU from January 2012 to April 2015 were examined of which only 95 were included into the study.

Periosteal osteoblastoma of the pelvis: a rare case.

Among the rare bone tumors, the osteoblastoma is a fascinating tumor. The rarity, the predisposition to occur in any bone and the diagnostic dilemma makes this infrequent tumor interesting. It is sporadically reported in the literature and what is rarer is its occurrence in the pelvis.

Primary Nailing in the Open Fractures of the Tibia-Is it worth?

Unlabelled: Context (Background): The tibial shaft is one of the most common sites of open fractures. The specific methods of skeletal stabilization and soft tissue treatment of open fractures continue to be topics of debate in the orthopaedic traumatology.

Aims: To evaluate the results of the intramedullary nailing in the open fractures of the tibia, especially in the Indian scenario.

Vacuum Assisted Closure Therapy versus Standard Wound Therapy for Open Musculoskeletal Injuries.

Background. This study was performed to evaluate the results of vacuum assisted wound therapy in patients with open musculoskeletal injuries. Study Design and Setting.

Giant synovial cyst of thigh: a rare entity.

Synovial cyst occurs secondary to traumatic, degenerative, or inflammatory conditions. Synovial cysts represent abnormal distension of bursae, which communicate with the joint. Giant synovial cysts are typically due to rheumatoid arthritis, other causes being trauma and synovial pseudoarthrosis.

Particulate pulmonary delivery systems containing anti-tuberculosis agents.

There is renewed interest in delivering anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs to the lungs by inhalation. Several groups have investigated particulate pulmonary drug delivery formulations containing anti-TB agents, prepared using a variety of design approaches and processes. This review summarizes trends that indicate feasibility and translation of research efforts aimed at developing inhaled therapies for TB.

Inhalable microparticles of nitric oxide donors induce phagosome maturation and kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Nitric oxide (NO) kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in vitro, but gaseous NO is difficult to administer to patients. We evaluated the consequences of intracellular delivery of NO using inhalable microparticles (MP) containing NO donors. MP containing 10% w/w of NO donors alone, or in addition to 25% each of isoniazid (INH) and rifabutin (RFB) in a polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) matrix were prepared by spray drying.