Nasal Morphology as an Indicator of Maxillomandibular Skeletal Pattern.

Objective: To determine the correlation of nasal morphology with maxillary and mandibular patterns.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Orthodontics, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry and Qamar Dental Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, , Liaquat College of Medicine & Dentistry and Darul Sehat Hospital Karachi, Pakistan from January to June, 2022.

Reliability Of Orthopantomogram In Comparison To Lateral Cephalogram For Linear Mandibular Measurements.

Background: Mandibular asymmetries are commonly seen as asymmetric traits among orthodontic and orthognathic patients which require bilateral mandibular assessment for diagnosis and treatment. An orthopantomogram can be used to measure and compare right and left sides of mandible. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of left and right sides of orthopantomogram for determining the linear mandibular measurements and to check whether these values are identical with the values of linear mandibular measurements determined from lateral cephalogram.

The association between palatal rugae pattern and dental malocclusion.

Introduction: Palatal rugae complete its development during early intrauterine life, whereas dental malocclusions in permanent dentition establishes several years into the post-natal life.

Objective: The objective of present study was to determine if there is an association between the palatal rugae pattern and Angle's classes of malocclusion.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pretreatment dental casts of 184 patients.

Evaluation of conformity of preformed orthodontic archwires and dental arch form.

Introduction: The alterations in the arch form during treatment are dictated by the dimensions of the archwires.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the mean arch dimensions of a sample of Pakistani subjects and to evaluate the conformity of preformed archwires with mandibular arch form.

Methods: The dental records of 1,500 adult subjects were evaluated.

Alexithymia Predicts Cognitive Deficits In Patients With Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Most of the orthodontic cases require a long period of retention which is usually carried out with the help of fixed retainers (FR). One of the downsides of FR is that these are prone to breakages. The aim of the present study was to identify the frequency and factors associated with failure of fixed spiral wire retainers.

The maxillary incisor display at rest: analysis of the underlying components.

Introduction: Maxillary incisal display is one of the most important attributes of smile esthetics.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between maxillary incisal display at rest (MIDR) and various soft tissue, hard tissue and dental components.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 subjects (75 males, 75 females) aged 18-30 years.

Evaluation Of Apical Root Resorption In Endodontically Treated And Vital Teeth In Adult Orthodontic Subjects.

Background: External apical root resorption (EARR) is one of the detrimental outcomes of an orthodontic treatment. The study was aimed to compare the mean EARR between endodontically treated and its contralateral vital tooth in adult orthodontic subjects.

Methods: A total of 30 subjects were included in the study.

Reliability and validity of maxillary and sphenoid Sinus morphological variations in the assessment of Skeletal maturity.

Background: The present study aimed at assessing the relationship between growth changes in maxillary (MS) and sphenoid sinus (SS) and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) and to evaluate their reliability and validity in assessing the skeletal maturity of an individual.

Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted on the pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 224 patients (males=116, females=108) aged 8-17 years. MS and SS heights, widths and indices were evaluated.

Diagnostic validity of different cephalometric analyses for assessment of the sagittal skeletal pattern.

Introduction: Numerous cephalometric analyses have been proposed to diagnose the sagittal discrepancy of the craniofacial structures.

Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the reliability and validity of different skeletal analyses for the identification of sagittal skeletal pattern.

Methods: A total of 146 subjects (males = 77; females = 69; mean age = 23.

Assessment of skeletal maturity using the calcification stages of permanent mandibular teeth.

Introduction: Knowledge of the growth status of patients is essential to formulate and initiate a precise treatment plan. This study aimed at determining the role of calcification of permanent mandibular teeth for the assessment of skeletal maturity.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using lateral cephalograms and dental panoramic radiographs of 360 patients (ages 7-18 years) equally divided into six groups according to cervical vertebral maturation stages.

Factors affecting treatment decisions for Class I malocclusions.

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment planning requires skill and expertise with considerable practice variations. The aims of this study were to review retrospectively the pretreatment records of patients with Class I malocclusion and to identify variables that could play a role in the treatment decision.

Methods: From the available records of 1500 orthdontic patients, the pretreatment records of 202 patients were selected at random.

Factors Affecting Treatment Duration - A Dilemma In Orthodontics.

Background: One of the first concerns of new orthodontic patients, apart from the outcome, is the duration of treatment. A better understanding of orthodontic treatment duration as well as factors affecting the treatment duration is useful for efficient patient counselling and improved clinical practice. Hence, the objectives of this study are to compare the treatment durations of subjects with Class I and Class II division 1 (II/1) malocclusions, and to identify the factors affecting the treatment duration of these malocclusions.

Deep Bite Malocclusion: Exploration Of The Skeletal And Dental Factors.

Background: Correction of deep bite is crucial for maintenance of dental hard and soft tissue structures and for prevention of temporomandibular joint disorders. Exploration of underlying skeletal and dental factors is essential for efficient and individualized treatment planning. To date etiological factors of dental and skeletal deep bite have not been explored in Pakistani orthodontic patients.

Occlusal Outcome Of Non-Extraction And All First Premolars Extraction Treatment In Patients With Class-I Malocclusion.

Background: Class-1 malocclusion commonly presents with crowding and poses an aesthetic concern to patients. An orthodontist may encounter a variety of dental problems and must handle them strategically to establish adequate occlusal relationships. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the occlusal characteristics of patients who have undergone non-extraction or all first premolars extraction treatment for class I malocclusion using the peer assessment rating (PAR) index.

Exploration of variations in positions of upper and Lower incisors, overjet, overbite, and irregularity Index in orthodontic patients with dissimilar depths of Curve of spee.

Background: The position and arrangement of teeth as well as the entire scheme of occlusion differs from one individual to the other .The purpose of this study was to examine differences in position and inclination of incisors, overjet, overbite and lower arch crowding in subjects with different depths of curve of Spee and to determine correlations between depth of curve of Spee and these variables.

Methods: The sample comprised of 114 patients (55 females and 59 males) with fully erupted permanent second molars (age 12-25 years), having no history of previous orthodontic treatment, no craniofacial anomalies, and no missing permanent teeth.

Improvement in Peer Assessment Rating scores after nonextraction, premolar extraction, and mandibular incisor extraction treatments in patients with Class I malocclusion.

Introduction: Different treatment protocols implemented for correction of Class I malocclusion aim at achieving ideal occlusal characteristics. This study was planned to evaluate the improvement in the occlusal characteristics of Class I patients treated with nonextraction (NE), all first premolar extractions (PME), and mandibular incisor extraction (MIE) as assessed by the percentage of improvement in Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on the pretreatment and posttreatment dental casts of 108 subjects with Class I malocclusion.

Reliability of overbite depth indicator (ODI) and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI) in the assessment of different vertical and sagittal dental malocclusions: a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Introduction:: Differential diagnosis of skeletal and dental relationships is crucial for planning orthodontic treatment. Overbite depth indicator (ODI) and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI) had been introduced in the past for assessment of vertical and sagittal jaw relationships, respectively.

Objective:: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reliability of ODI and APDI in overbite and Angle malocclusions, as well as assess their diagnostic reliability among males and females of different age groups.

The duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes.

Introduction:: Pubertal growth peak is closely associated with a rapid increase in mandibular length and offers a wide range of therapeutic modifiability.

Objective:: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the mean ages of onset and duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes.

Methods:: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using lateral cephalograms of 230 subjects with growth potential (110 males, 120 females).

Association between frontal sinus morphology and cervical vertebral maturation for the assessment of skeletal maturity.

Introduction: Various methods have been proposed to evaluate a patient's developmental status. However, most of them lacked precision and failed to give a reliable estimate of skeletal maturity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between frontal sinus morphology and cervical vertebral maturation for the assessment of skeletal maturity and to determine its validity in assessing the different stages of the adolescent growth spurt.

Dentoalveolar Heights in Vertical and Sagittal Facial Patterns.

Objective: To determine and compare the mean dentoalveolar heights (mm) in different vertical and sagittal facial patterns.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Orthodontics Clinic, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September to November 2013.

Diagnostic performance of various cephalometric parameters for the assessment of vertical growth pattern.

Introduction: Multiple cephalometric analyses are used to diagnose vertical skeletal facial discrepancy. A multitude of times, these parameters show conflicting results, and a specific diagnosis is hard to reach.

Objective: Hence, this study aimed to identify the skeletal analysis that performs best for the identification of vertical skeletal pattern in borderline cases.

Cephalometric evaluation of the effects of the Twin Block appliance in subjects with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion amongst different cervical vertebral maturation stages.

Objectives: To evaluate the cephalometric changes in skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue variables induced by Clark's Twin Block (CTB) in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion patients and to compare these changes in different cervical vertebral maturation stages.

Methods: Pre- and post-treatment/observation lateral cephalograms of 53 Class II, Division 1 malocclusion patients and 60 controls were compared to evaluate skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes. Skeletal maturity was assessed according to cervical vertebral maturation stages.

FACIAL SOFT TISSUE ANALYSIS AMONG VARIOUS VERTICAL FACIAL PATTERNS.

Background: The emergence of soft tissue paradigm in orthodontics has made various soft tissue parameters an integral part of the orthodontic problem list. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare various facial soft tissue parameters on lateral cephalograms among patients with short, average and long facial patterns.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the lateral cephalograms of 180 adult subjects divided into three equal groups, i.

RELIABILITY OF VARIOUS SKELETAL INDICATORS IN ASSESSING VERTICAL FACIAL SOFT TISSUE PATTERN.

Background: Angle's paradigm has ruled the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for past several decades, but the recent introduction of the soft tissue paradigm has significantly changed the dynamics of orthodontic practice. This study was designed to identify skeletal analyses that best correlates with the parameters use to assess facial soft tissue profile that may lead to an accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment plan.

Methods: A total of 192 subjects (96 males and 96 females; mean age 22.

Stability of Palatal Rugae as a Forensic Marker in Orthodontically Treated Cases.

The palatal rugae have been used as a reference landmark and identification marker by orthodontists and forensic analysts. However, the reliability of palatal rugae as a forensic marker remains questionable once an individual is subjected to orthodontic treatment. This study aimed at evaluating the changes in the rugae pattern after nonextraction, extraction, and maxillary expansion orthodontic treatment.