Flowering onset time is regulated by microRNA-mediated trehalose-6-phosphate signaling in L under elevated CO.

Unlabelled: CO levels are known to have an impact on plant development and physiology. In the current study, we have investigated the effect of elevated CO on flowering and its regulation through miRNA mediated sugar signaling. We also unraveled small RNA transcriptome of pigeonpea under ambient and elevated CO conditions and predicted the targets for crucial miRNAs through computational methods.

Physiological, Biochemical, and Root Proteome Networks Revealed New Insights Into Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in (L.) Pierre.

Cultivation of potential biofuel tree species such as would rehabilitate saline marginal lands toward economic gains. We carried out a physiological, biochemical, and proteomic analysis to identify key regulatory responses which are associated with salt tolerance mechanisms at the shoot and root levels. seedlings were grown at 300 and 500 mM NaCl (∼3% NaCl; sea saline equivalent) concentrations for 15 and 30 days, gas exchange measurements including leaf net photosynthetic rate ( ), stomatal conductance ( ), and transpiration rate (), and varying chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics were recorded.

Activation of CDC48 and acetyltransferase encoding genes contributes to enhanced abiotic stress tolerance and improved productivity traits in rice.

World-wide crop productivity is highly impacted by various extreme environmental conditions. In the present investigation, activation tagged (AT) line A10-Ds-RFP6 of rice endowed with improved agronomic attributes was tested for its tolerance ability against drought and salinity stress conditions as well as identification of genes associated with these traits. Under both drought and salinity stress conditions, A10-Ds-RFP6 line exhibited increased seed germination rates and improved plant growth characteristics at seedling, vegetative and reproductive stages as compared to wild-type (WT) plants.

Improved photosynthetic characteristics correlated with enhanced biomass in a heterotic F hybrid of maize (Zea mays L.).

Heterosis is a phenomenon wherein F hybrid often displays phenotypic superiority and surpasses its parents in terms of growth and agronomic traits. Investigations on the physiological and biochemical properties of the heterotic F hybrid are important to uncover the mechanisms underlying heterosis in plants. In the present study, the photosynthetic capacity of a heterotic F hybrid of Zea mays L.

Amelioration of plant responses to drought under elevated CO by rejuvenating photosynthesis and nitrogen use efficiency: implications for future climate-resilient crops.

The contemporary global agriculture is beset with serious threats from diverse eco-environmental conditions causing decreases in crop yields by ~ 15%. These yield losses might increase further due to climate change scenarios leading to increased food prices triggering social unrest and famines. Urbanization and industrialization are often associated with rapid increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs) especially atmospheric CO concentration [(CO)].

Optimization of hydroponic growth system and Na-fluorescence measurements for tree species (L.) pierre.

Domestication and cultivation of tree species, such as is quite important because of its biofuel properties. Seedlings grown in modified hydroponic culture were morphologically similar to that of soil grown seedlings. Further, seedlings were allowed to grow without root limitation.

Pod-wall proteomics provide novel insights into soybean seed-filling process under chemical-induced terminal drought stress.

Background: Drought is very detrimental when it occurs during the reproductive phase of soybeans, leading to considerable yield loss due to the disproportionate allocation of photo-assimilates to competing sinks. As pod walls are known to play a crucial role in regulating carbon partitioning during seed filling under stress conditions, the present study aims to analyze the stage-specific carbon allocation pattern during potassium iodide (KI)-simulated terminal drought, and to provide an insight into the pod-wall proteome responses during drought onset.

Results: A comparative proteomics approach was adopted to visualize the differential protein expression in soybean pod-wall at stage R5 (seed initiation).

Mitigation of drought-induced oxidative damage by enhanced carbon assimilation and an efficient antioxidative metabolism under high CO environment in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.).

In the current study, pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.), a promising legume food crop was assessed for its photosynthetic physiology, antioxidative system as well as C and N metabolism under elevated CO and combined drought stress (DS). Pigeonpea was grown in open top chambers under elevated CO (600 µmol mol) and ambient CO (390 ± 20 µmol mol) concentrations, later subjected to DS by complete water withholding.

Molecular insights into photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in Jatropha curcas grown under elevated CO using transcriptome sequencing and assembly.

Jatropha curcas L. (Family - Euphorbiaceae) is a perennial tree of special interest due to its potential as a biofuel plant with high carbon sequestration. In this study, physiological investigations coupled with transcriptomics in relation to photosynthesis were evaluated in Jatropha grown under ambient (395 ppm) and elevated (550 ppm) CO atmosphere.

Genotypic variation in tolerance to drought stress is highly coordinated with hydraulic conductivity-photosynthesis interplay and aquaporin expression in field-grown mulberry (Morus spp.).

Hydraulic conductivity quantifies the efficiency of a plant to transport water from root to shoot and is a major constriction on leaf gas exchange physiology. Mulberry (Morus spp.) is the most economically important crop for sericulture industry.

Physiological and molecular insights into the high salinity tolerance of Pongamia pinnata (L.) pierre, a potential biofuel tree species.

Soil salinity is gradually becoming a threat to the global economy by affecting agricultural productivity worldwide. Here, we analyze the salinity tolerance of Pongamia pinnata with an insight into the underlying physiological and molecular responses. Despite a reduction in net photosynthetic rate, P.

Amelioration of drought-induced negative responses by elevated CO in field grown short rotation coppice mulberry (Morus spp.), a potential bio-energy tree crop.

Present study describes the responses of short rotation coppice (SRC) mulberry, a potential bio-energy tree, grown under interactive environment of elevated CO (E) and water stress (WS). Growth in E stimulated photosynthetic performance in well-watered (WW) as well as during WS with significant increases in light-saturated photosynthetic rates (A ), water use efficiency (WUE), intercellular [CO], and photosystem-II efficiency (F /F and ∆F/F ') with concomitant reduction in stomatal conductance (g ) and transpiration (E) compared to ambient CO (A) grown plants. Reduced levels of proline, HO and malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher contents of antioxidants including ascorbic acid and total phenolics in WW and WS in E plants clearly demonstrated lesser oxidative damage.

Unravelling molecular mechanisms from floral initiation to lipid biosynthesis in a promising biofuel tree species, Pongamia pinnata using transcriptome analysis.

Pongamia pinnata (L.) (Fabaceae) is a promising biofuel tree species which is underexploited in the areas of both fundamental and applied research, due to the lack of information either on transcriptome or genomic data. To investigate the possible metabolic pathways, we performed whole transcriptome analysis of Pongamia through Illumina NextSeq platform and generated 2.

Activation tagging in indica rice identifies ribosomal proteins as potential targets for manipulation of water-use efficiency and abiotic stress tolerance in plants.

We have generated 3900 enhancer-based activation-tagged plants, in addition to 1030 stable Dissociator-enhancer plants in a widely cultivated indica rice variety, BPT-5204. Of them, 3000 were screened for water-use efficiency (WUE) by analysing photosynthetic quantum efficiency and yield-related attributes under water-limiting conditions that identified 200 activation-tagged mutants, which were analysed for flanking sequences at the site of enhancer integration in the genome. We have further selected five plants with low Δ C, high quantum efficiency and increased plant yield compared with wild type for a detailed investigation.

A novel aldo-keto reductase from Jatropha curcas L. (JcAKR) plays a crucial role in the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a potent electrophile.

Abiotic stress leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which further results in the production of reactive carbonyls (RCs) including methylglyoxal (MG). MG, an α, β-dicarbonyl aldehyde, is highly toxic to plants and the mechanism behind its detoxification is not well understood. Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) play a role in detoxification of reactive aldehydes and ketones.

Ectopic Expression of an Atypical Hydrophobic Group 5 LEA Protein from Wild Peanut, Arachis diogoi Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tobacco.

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are a group of hydrophilic proteins, which accumulate in plants under varied stress conditions like drought, salinity, extreme temperatures and oxidative stress suggesting their role in the protection of plants against these stresses. A transcript derived fragment (TDF) corresponding to LEA gene, which got differentially expressed in wild peanut, Arachis diogoi against the late leaf spot pathogen, Phaeoisariopsis personata was used in this study. We have cloned its full length cDNA by RACE-PCR, which was designated as AdLEA.

Stage-Specific Fatty Acid Fluxes Play a Regulatory Role in Glycerolipid Metabolism during Seed Development in Jatropha curcas L.

The present study describes the changes in lipid profile as well as fatty acid fluxes during seed development in Jatropha curcas L. Endosperm from 34, 37, and 40 days after anthesis (DAA), incubated with [(14)C]acetate, showed significant synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) at seed maturation. The fatty acid methyl ester profile showed PC from 34 DAA was rich in palmitic acid (16:0), whereas PC from 37 and 40 DAA was rich in oleic acid (18:1n-9).

Differential responses in photosynthesis, growth and biomass yields in two mulberry genotypes grown under elevated CO2 atmosphere.

This study was aimed to examine the responses of two mulberry genotypes (Morus alba L.), which include a drought tolerant (DT) Selection-13 (S13) and a drought susceptible (DS) Kanva-2 (K2) grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) of 550 μmol mol(-1). Although both genotypes exhibited positive responses to elevated CO2, S13 showed higher light saturated photosynthetic rates (A') and apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), suggesting better Rubisco carboxylation.

Proline over-accumulation alleviates salt stress and protects photosynthetic and antioxidant enzyme activities in transgenic sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench].

Shoot-tip derived callus cultures of Sorghum bicolor were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens as well as by bombardment methods with the mutated pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CSF129A) gene encoding the key enzyme for proline biosynthesis from glutamate. The transgenics were selfed for three generations and T4 plants were examined for 100 mM NaCl stress tolerance in pot conditions. The effect of salt stress on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal carbon dioxide concentration, transpiration rates, intrinsic transpiration and water use efficiencies, proline content, MDA levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated in 40-day-old transgenic lines and the results were compared with untransformed control plants.

Plant aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) as multi-tasking soldiers involved in diverse plant metabolic processes and stress defense: A structure-function update.

The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily comprises of a large number of primarily monomeric protein members, which reduce a broad spectrum of substrates ranging from simple sugars to potentially toxic aldehydes. Plant AKRs can be broadly categorized into four important functional groups, which highlight their roles in diverse plant metabolic reactions including reactive aldehyde detoxification, biosynthesis of osmolytes, secondary metabolism and membrane transport. Further, multiple overlapping functional aspects of plant AKRs including biotic and abiotic stress defense, production of commercially important secondary metabolites, iron acquisition from soil, plant-microbe interactions etc.

Delayed flowering is associated with lack of photosynthetic acclimation in Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) grown under elevated CO₂.

In the present study, we investigated the likely consequences of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2] on growth, physiology and reproductive phenology of Pigeonpea. A short duration Pigeonpea cultivar (ICPL 15011) was grown without N fertilizer from emergence to final harvest in CO2 enriched atmosphere (open top chambers; 550μmolmol(-1)) for two seasons. CO2 enrichment improved both net photosynthetic rates (Asat) and foliar carbohydrate content by 36 and 43%, respectively, which further reflected in dry biomass after harvest, showing an increment of 29% over the control plants.

Persistent stimulation of photosynthesis in short rotation coppice mulberry under elevated CO2 atmosphere.

Current study was undertaken to elucidate the responses of short rotation coppice (SRC) mulberry under elevated CO2 atmosphere (550μmolmol(-1)). Throughout the experimental period, elevated CO2 grown mulberry plants showed significant increase in light saturated photosynthetic rates (A') by increasing intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci) despite reduced stomatal conductance (gs). Reduced gs was linked to decrease in transpiration (E) resulting in improved water use efficiency (WUE).

Growth, reproductive phenology and yield responses of a potential biofuel plant, Jatropha curcas grown under projected 2050 levels of elevated CO2.

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) is a non-edible oil producing plant which is being advocated as an alternative biofuel energy resource. Its ability to grow in diverse soil conditions and minimal requirements of essential agronomical inputs compared with other oilseed crops makes it viable for cost-effective advanced biofuel production. We designed a study to investigate the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO(2)]) (550 ppm) on the growth, reproductive development, source-sink relationships, fruit and seed yield of J.

Molecular cloning and characterisation of metallothionein type 2a gene from Jatropha curcas L., a promising biofuel plant.

In the present study, we have cloned a gene encoding JcMT2a protein from Jatropha curcas L., a promising biofuel tree species. Full length sequence of JcMT2a gene was isolated using RACE PCR.