Birthweight trends and their explanatory factors in Hungary between 1999 and 2018: an analysis of the Hungarian Tauffer registry.

Background: The increasing birthweight trend stopped and even reversed in several high income countries in the last 20 years, however the reason for these changes is not well characterized. We aimed to describe birthweight trends of term deliveries in Hungary between 1999 and 2018 and to investigate potential maternal and foetal variables that could drive these changes.

Methods: We analysed data from the Hungarian Tauffer registry, a compulsory anonymized data collection of each delivery.

A novel reuptake inhibitor, IP2015, induces erection by increasing central dopamine and peripheral nitric oxide release.

Background And Purpose: An estimated 40% of patients with erectile dysfunction have a poor prognosis for improvement with currently available treatments. The present study investigated whether a newly developed monoamine transport inhibitor, IP2015, improves erectile function.

Experimental Approach: We investigated the effects of IP2015 on monoamine uptake and binding, erectile function in rats and diabetic mice and the effect on corpus cavernosum contractility.

Pregnancy outcomes of women with untreated 'mild' gestational diabetes (gestational diabetes by the WHO 2013 but not by the WHO-1999 diagnostic criteria) - A population-based cohort study.

Aims: We compared pregnancy outcomes of untreated 'mild' GDM (GDM by WHO 2013 but not by WHO-1999) to normal glucose tolerant women (NGT).

Methods: In a universal screening program 4333 pregnant women had a 3-point 75 g OGTT in Hungary in 2009-2013. By WHO-2013 untreated NGT was diagnosed in n = 3303, 'mild' GDM in n = 336 cases.

Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with pandemic SARS-CoV-2-related and community-acquired pneumonias in Hungary - a pilot historical case-control study.

The distinction between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related and community-acquired pneumonias poses significant difficulties, as both frequently involve the elderly. This study aimed to predict the risk of SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia based on clinical characteristics at hospital presentation. Case-control study of all patients admitted for pneumonia at Semmelweis University Emergency Department.

Down-regulation of K2.3 channels causes erectile dysfunction in mice.

Modulation of endothelial calcium-activated K channels has been proposed as an approach to restore arterial endothelial cell function in disease. We hypothesized that small-conductance calcium-activated K channels (K2.3 or SK3) contributes to erectile function.

[The myo-inositol is beneficial in the therapy of pregnancy with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome].

Authors would like to demonstrate the beneficial effect of myo-inositol supplementation in a pregnant woman with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome. Insulin and metformin treatment could not achieve normalization of glucose homeostasis for 3 years, and hypoglycemic episodes were frequent. Myo-inositol and folic acid supplementation added to the basic treatment resulted in improved glucose levels in 2 months.

Neurogenic contraction induced by the antiarrhythmic compound, AVE 0118, in rat small mesenteric arteries.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the vasoactivity of two inhibitors of potassium ion (K(+) ) channels, a potential antiarrhythmic compound, AVE 0118, and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). Basal and stimulated tones of rat small mesenteric arteries as well as the possible involvement of KV 1.5 ion channel in the mechanism of vascular effect induced by the compounds were analysed.

Involvement of large-conductance Ca(2+) -activated K(+) channels in both nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization-type relaxation in human penile small arteries.

Large-conductance Ca(2+) -activated K(+) channels (BKC a ), located on the vascular smooth muscle, play an important role in regulation of vascular tone. In penile corpus cavernosum tissue, opening of BKC a channels leads to relaxation of corporal smooth muscle, which is essential during erection; however, there is little information on the role of BKC a channels located in penile vascular smooth muscle. This study was designed to investigate the involvement of BKC a channels in endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxation of human intracavernous penile arteries.

Flow-evoked vasodilation is blunted in penile arteries from Zucker diabetic fatty rats.

Introduction: Endothelium-derived relaxing factors such as nitric oxide (NO), prostanoids, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) are thought to play an important role in vasodilation of penile arteries.

Aim: The present study investigated the mechanisms involved in flow- and acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in penile arteries, and whether acetylcholine- and flow-mediated vasodilation is altered in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a model of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, it was addressed whether enhanced myogenic tone may explain impaired flow-evoked vasodilation in arteries from ZDF rats.

Prolonged antispasmodic effect in isolated radial artery graft and pronounced platelet inhibition induced by the inodilator drug, levosimendan.

Radial artery frequently develops spasm and requires vasodilator therapy during coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Levosimendan was recently shown to oppose 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction of radial artery (RA) grafts. The aim of the present study was to explore whether levosimendan retains its vasodilatory capacity following in vitro pre-incubation of RA segments with the inodilator.

Insulin resistance is associated with gestational hypertension and not with preeclampsia: a population-based screening study.

Aims: To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and subsequent gestational hypertension (GH) or preeclampsia (PE) in normoglycemic and in gestational diabetic pregnant women. Furthermore, we tested whether this association was independent of the prepregnancy body mass index (BMI).

Methods: Each participant underwent a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to World Health Organization recommendation criteria with determination of serum glucose and C-peptide concentrations.

Role for tyrosine kinases in contraction of rat penile small arteries.

Introduction: The devasting effect of cancer and treatment thereof contribute to sexual dysfunction. Recently, a series of tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved either as add-on or for targeted treatment of cancer. However, tyrosine kinases are not only important for cell growth and proliferation, but also in regulation of vascular tone.

Does small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel contribute to cardiac repolarization?

Small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK channels) have a significant role in neurons. Since they directly integrate calcium handling with repolarization, in heart their role would be particularly important. However, their contribution to cardiac repolarization is still unclear.

C-type natriuretic peptide hyperpolarizes and relaxes human penile resistance arteries.

Introduction: In addition to nitric oxide (NO), it is thought that an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) plays an important role in the relaxation of penile arteries. Recently, it has been shown that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) shows the characteristics of EDHF in systemic small arteries.

Aim: To investigate the mechanism involved in CNP-evoked vasodilatation and to address whether CNP is an EDHF in human penile resistance arteries.

Effect of partial blockade of the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger on Ca(2+) handling in isolated rat ventricular myocytes.

SEA0400 is a selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger having equal potencies to suppress both the forward and reverse mode operation of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. Present experiments were designed to study the effect of partial blockade of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger on Ca(2+) handling in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Intracellular Ca(2+) transient and cell shortening were measured in ventricular myocytes loaded with Fura-2-AM fluorescent dye.

Vasorelaxing effect of levosimendan against 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions in isolated human conduit bypass grafts.

Levosimendan is a novel inodilator drug developed for the treatment of heart failure. The possible vasodilating property of the drug in human coronary artery bypass grafts was investigated. Isometric tensions of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA, n = 8) as well as the proximal and distal segments of the radial artery (RA, n = 8 and 8) were measured in isolated organ baths.

Functional role of potassium channels in the vasodilating mechanism of levosimendan in porcine isolated coronary artery.

Levosimendan, a new type of inodilator drugs, is known to activate membrane adenosine 3',5'-triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in some vascular smooth muscles and causes vasorelaxation. The involvement of potassium channels in the mechanism of the coronary artery relaxing effect of the drug has not been established. In the present study performed in the porcine epicardial coronary artery, the effect of levosimendan (0.

Ca2+-activated K+ channels in the endothelial cell layer involved in modulation of neurogenic contractions in rat penile arteries.

The present study was designed to investigate the functional K+ channels involved in contractions induced by electrical field stimulation in isolated rat penile arteries. Blockers of Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa), tetraethylammonium, and of large-conductance KCa channels, charybdotoxin and iberiotoxin, as well as a blocker of voltage-dependent K+ channels (KV), 4-aminopyridine, increased resting tension in penile small arteries. In the presence of propranolol and NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG), electrical field stimulation evoked prazosin-sensitive contractions.

Low 4-aminopyridine concentration-induced contraction is mediated by neuronal noradrenaline in canine saphenous vein.

4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), a known inhibitor of the voltage-dependent potassium channels, is able to increase the basal tone of different types of blood vessel preparations. In order to determine the efficiency of 4-AP in veins and to clarify its possible mechanism of action, the aim of the present study was to determine the basal tone and release of radio-labelled tissue noradrenaline (NA) after administration of low 4-AP concentrations. Experiments were performed in canine saphenous vein in the absence and presence of functional endothelium.