Determination of Average Coulombic Efficiency for Rechargeable Magnesium Metal Anodes in Prospective Electrolyte Solutions.

The design of electrolyte solutions that permit reversible and efficient Mg metal electrodeposition is one of the most important tasks in the development of rechargeable Mg batteries. Several types of electrolyte solutions for Mg metal anodes have been developed and explored over the last two decades. These investigations have contributed to a better understanding of the Mg deposition and stripping processes.

Evaluation of Mg[B(HFIP)]-Based Electrolyte Solutions for Rechargeable Mg Batteries.

One of the greatest challenges toward rechargeable magnesium batteries is the development of noncorrosive electrolyte solutions with high anodic stability that can support reversible Mg deposition/dissolution. In the last few years, magnesium electrolyte solutions based on Cl-free fluorinated alkoxyborates were investigated for Mg batteries due to their high anodic stability and ionic conductivity and the possibility of reversible deposition/dissolution in ethereal solvents. Here, the electrochemical performance of Mg[B(hexafluoroisopropanol)]/dimethoxyethane (Mg[B(HFIP)]/DME) solutions was examined.

Optimization of Ni-Co-Fe-Based Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Surface and Relaxation Phenomena Analysis.

Trimetallic double hydroxide NiFeCo-OH is prepared by coprecipitation, from which three different catalysts are fabricated by different heat treatments, all at 350 °C maximum temperature. Among the prepared catalysts, the one prepared at a heating and cooling rate of 2 °C min in N atmosphere (designated NiFeCo-N -2 °C) displays the best catalytic properties after stability testing, exhibiting a high current density (9.06 mA cm at 320 mV), low Tafel slope (72.

On the Feasibility of Practical Mg-S Batteries: Practical Limitations Associated with Metallic Magnesium Anodes.

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have attracted a lot of attention in recent decades due to the theoretical properties of these systems in terms of energy density, safety, and price. Nevertheless, to date, fully rechargeable magnesium battery prototypes with sufficient longevity and reversibility were realized only with low voltage and low capacity intercalation cathode materials based on Cheverel phases. The community is therefore actively looking for high-capacity cathodes that can work with metallic magnesium anodes in viable RMB systems.

Fusion of EWSR1 with the DUX4 facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy region resulting from t(4;22)(q35;q12) in a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma and rarely occurs in adults. There are six main subtypes, each histologically, clinically, and cytogenetically distinct. Embryonal RMS is characterized by chromosomal gains, usually not associated with any consistent structural anomaly.

Oncocytic lipoadenoma of the parotid gland: Immunohistochemical and cytogenetic analysis.

Salivary gland oncocytic lipoadenoma is an exceptional benign tumor composed of mature adipose tissue associated with a mixture of oncocytes. We report a case of oncocytic lipoadenoma showing sebaceous differentiation, and provide a cytogenetic analysis, which has not yet been described. A 64-year-old male developed a left parotid gland, well-encapsulated tumor measuring 3.

NFIB rearrangement in superficial, retroperitoneal, and colonic lipomas with aberrations involving chromosome band 9p22.

Lipomas are frequently characterized by rearrangements resulting in the fusion of the HMGA2 gene (12q14.3) with a variety of partners. Chromosome band 9p22 rearrangements occur in about 1% of lipomas.

Monosomy 7 and absence of 12q amplification in two cases of spindle cell liposarcomas.

Spindle cell liposarcoma (SCL) is a rare malignant adipose tissue tumor presently regarded as a variant of well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS). While WDLPS is cytogenetically characterized by the presence of supernumerary ring or giant chromosomes containing MDM2 amplification, data concerning the genomic alterations of SCL are scarce. Here, we describe the molecular cytogenetic characterization of two SCL cases.

Diagnosis of primary esophageal synovial sarcoma by demonstration of t(X;18) translocation: a case report.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an uncommon soft tissue tumor occurring mainly in the periarticular region of the extremities of young adults. In this report, we describe a very rare occurrence of primary SS of the esophagus in a 72-year-old woman. Histologically, the tumor demonstrated biphasic morphologic findings associated with poorly differentiated areas.

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a metastatic lung sarcomatoid carcinoma: 9p23 neocentromere and 9p23-p24 amplification including JAK2 and JMJD2C.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung (LSC) is a rare lung cancer characterized by an admixture of carcinoma and sarcoma components. Data concerning the genomic alterations of LSC are almost nonexistent. Here, we report on the first molecular cytogenetic characterization of a metastatic LSC.

Monosomy 9q and trisomy 16q in a case of congenital solitary infantile myofibromatosis.

Although infantile myofibromatosis (IM) is the most common fibrous proliferation of infancy, many aspects of this benign lesion have not been explored. IM histogenesis is still poorly understood, despite immunohistochemical staining and ultrastructural features that suggest a myofibroblastic origin. IM diagnosis is often made difficult by the predominance of small primitive spindle cells over myofibroblasts and the presence of intravascular growth.

Engineering of a water-soluble plant cytochrome P450, CYP73A1, and NMR-based orientation of natural and alternate substrates in the active site.

CYP73A1 catalyzes cinnamic acid hydroxylation, a reaction essential for the synthesis of lignin monomers and most phenolic compounds in higher plants. The native CYP73A1, initially isolated from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), was engineered to simplify purification from recombinant yeast and improve solublity and stability in the absence of detergent by replacing the hydrophobic N terminus with the peptitergent amphipathic sequence PD1. Optimized expression and purification procedures yielded 4 mg engineered CYP73A1 L(-1) yeast culture.

Key substrate recognition residues in the active site of a plant cytochrome P450, CYP73A1. Homology guided site-directed mutagenesis.

CYP73 enzymes are highly conserved cytochromes P450 in plant species that catalyse the regiospecific 4-hydroxylation of cinnamic acid to form precursors of lignin and many other phenolic compounds. A CYP73A1 homology model based on P450 experimentally solved structures was used to identify active site residues likely to govern substrate binding and regio-specific catalysis. The functional significance of these residues was assessed using site-directed mutagenesis.

N-Aryl N'-hydroxyguanidines, a new class of NO-donors after selective oxidation by nitric oxide synthases: structure-activity relationship.

The formation of nitric oxide (NO) was followed during the oxidation of 37 N-hydroxyguanidines or related derivatives, including 18 new N-aryl N'-hydroxyguanidines, by recombinant inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS II). Several N-aryl N'-hydroxyguanidines bearing a relatively small, electron-donating para subtituent, such as H, F, Cl, CH(3), OH, OCH(3), and NH(2), led to NO formation rates between 8 and 41% of that of NO formation from the natural NOS substrate, N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA). The characteristics of these reactions were very similar to those previously reported for the oxidation of NOHA by NOS:(i) the strict requirement of NOS containing (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and O(2) for the oxidation to occur, (ii) the formation of NO and the corresponding urea in a 1:1 molar ratio, and (iii) a strong inhibitory effect of the classical NOS inhibitors such as N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine and S-ethyl-iso-thiourea.

O-H small middle dot small middle dot small middle dotPt(II): Hydrogen Bond with a Strong Dispersion Component.

An MP2 ab initio study of the interaction between a H(2)O molecule and trans-[Pt(OH)(2)(NH(3))(2)] revealed a HO-H small middle dot small middle dot small middle dotPt(II) hydrogen bond (see picture) with a strong dispersion component (ca. 4 kcal mol(-1)). This dispersion interaction is independent of the charge on the complex and is likely to be ubiquitous in aqueous solutions of Pt(II) complexes.

The substrate binding site of human liver cytochrome P450 2C9: an NMR study.

Purified recombinant human liver cytochrome P450 2C9 was produced, from expression of the corresponding cDNA in yeast, in quantities large enough for UV-visible and 1H NMR experiments. Its interaction with several substrates (tienilic acid and two derivatives, lauric acid and diclofenac) and with a specific inhibitor, sulfaphenazole, was studied by UV-visible and 1H NMR spectroscopy. At 27 degrees C, all those substrates led to an almost complete conversion of CYP 2C9 to high-spin (S = 5/2) CYP 2C9-substrate complexes characterized by a Soret peak at 390 nm; their KD values varied between 1 and 42 microM.

Cytogenetics of malignant gliomas. II. The sex chromosomes with reference to X isodisomy and the role of numerical X/Y changes.

Sex chromosomal monosomy with total loss of an X or Y is frequently observed in malignant gliomas. Beyond that, not much is known about the behavior of the sex chromosomes in these tumors. We noted loss of the X from 3 of 13 gliomas from women (23%) compared to loss of the Y from 16 of 28 gliomas from men (57%).

Cytogenetics of malignant gliomas: I. The autosomes with reference to rearrangements.

Autosomal chromosome abnormalities are far from always detectable and, when detected, far from fully consistent in malignant gliomas. In 15 of 41 malignant gliomas, we found autosomal chromosome aberrations ranging from solitary trisomy to a wildly abnormal polyploid complement. The sequence of chromosome events appears to proceed from the normal to the near-diploid state (via structural and numerical changes) to near-tetraploidy (via polyploidization), and finally toward near-triploidy (via chromosome loss and additional rearrangements).

Knowledge and management strategies in incest cases: a survey of physicians, psychologists and family counselors.

A questionnaire was mailed to all 255 psychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and family counselors listed in the 1983 telephone directory. Of the 108 private practitioners who responded, over one-half had treated a child or adult incest victim in the past year; 86% requested more training in this area. Practitioners had a high level of general knowledge about intrafamilial child sexual abuse.