Nanotoxicology: developments and new insights.

The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in treatment of diseases have increased exponentially recently, giving rise to the science of nanomedicine. The safety of these NPs in humans has also led to the science of nanotoxicology. Due to a dearth of both readily available models and precise bio-dispersion characterization techniques, nanotoxicological research has obviously been constrained.

Biopolymeric and lipid-based nanotechnological strategies for the design and development of novel mosquito repellent systems: recent advances.

Mosquitoes are the most medically important arthropod vectors of several human diseases. These diseases are known to severely incapacitate and debilitate millions of people, resulting in countless loss of lives. Over the years, several measures have been put in place to control the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases, one of which is using repellents.

Engineering 5-flourouracil and leucovorin-loaded vesicular systems for possible colon specific delivery: evaluation and real time cell assay against HCT-116 colon cell lines.

5-flourouracil (5-FU) is typically modulated with leucovorin (LEU) in clinical practice to improve clinical efficacy and patient survival rates. However, this combination has undesirable side effects and makes 5-FU more toxic. Hence, integrating a vesicular system (proniosomes) with another delivery vehicle may improve drug targeting, while resolving the aforementioned drawbacks.

Retraction notice to "Mechanistic insight into the bioactivity of prodigiosin-entrapped lipid nanoparticles against triple-negative breast, lung and colon cancer cell lines" [Heliyon 9 (2023) e16963].

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

The Role of Bacteriophages in the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Human Health.

Bacteriophages (phages) are nano-sized viruses characterized by their inherent ability to live off bacteria. They utilize diverse mechanisms to absorb and gain entry into the bacterial cell wall via the release of viral genetic material, which uses the replication mechanisms of the host bacteria to produce and release daughter progeny virions that attack the surrounding host cells. They possess specific characteristics, including specificity for particular or closely related bacterial species.

Formulation and Evaluation of Gum-based Mucoadhesive Sustained-release Matrix Tablets of Diclofenac Sodium.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate gum (CAG) for the formulation of mucoadhesive sustained-release matrix tablets of diclofenac sodium.

Methods: Different batches of granules containing CAG and 100 mg of DS in ratios 0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 were prepared, compressed into tablets, and evaluated for mucoadhesive strength, swelling index, and drug release in SGF (pH 1.

Mechanistic insight into the bioactivity of prodigiosin-entrapped lipid nanoparticles against triple-negative breast, lung and colon cancer cell lines.

This research investigates the potentials of prodigiosinPG derived from bacteria and its formulations against triplenegative breast (TNB), lung, and colon cancer cells. The PG was extracted from using continuous batch culture, characterized, and formulated into lyophilized parenteral nanoparticles (PNPs). The formulations were characterized with respect to entrapment efficiency (EE), DSC, FT-IR, TEM, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy.

Nanotechnology based drug delivery systems for the treatment of anterior segment eye diseases.

Diseases affecting the anterior segment of the eye are the primary causes of vision impairment and blindness globally. Drug administration through the topical ocular route is widely accepted because of its user/patient friendliness - ease of administration and convenience. However, it remains a significant challenge to efficiently deliver drugs to the eye through this route because of various structural and physiological constraints that restrict the distribution of therapeutic molecules into the ocular tissues.

Exploitation of capsule system for colon targeted drug delivery of biopolymer-based microparticles: and applications.

The current study was to improve and control aceclofenac delivery prepared as biopolymer-based microparticles for effective colon-targeted drug delivery using modified gelatin capsules (MGCs) at different time intervals developed in two batches (C1 and C2). Microparticles were formulated with extracted mucuna gum using liquid paraffin oil (AC.LPO) and soybean oil (AC.

Overcoming Challenges in Pediatric Formulation with a Patient-Centric Design Approach: A Proof-of-Concept Study on the Design of an Oral Solution of a Bitter Drug.

Designing oral formulations for children is very challenging, especially considering their peculiarities and preferences. The choice of excipients, dosing volume and palatability are key issues of pediatric oral liquid medicines. The purpose of the present study is to develop an oral pediatric solution of a model bitter drug (ranitidine) following a patient centric design process which includes the definition of a target product profile (TPP).

Nanogels as target drug delivery systems in cancer therapy: A review of the last decade.

Cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, irrespective of the level of human development. Globally, it was estimated that there were 19.3 million new cases of cancer and almost 10 million deaths from cancer in 2020.

Assessment of the Anti-Malarial Properties of Dihydroartemisinin- Piperaquine Phosphate Solid Lipid-Based Tablets.

Background: Artemisininbased combination therapies (ACTs) typified by dihydroartemisinin- piperaquine phosphate are first-line drugs used in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, the emergence of drug resistance to ACTs shows the necessity to develop novel sustained release treatments in order to ensure maximum bioavailability.

Objectives: To formulate dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-piperaquine phosphate (PQ) sustained release tablets based on solidified reverse micellar solutions (SRMS).

Formulation Development of Extract as Nanosuppository to Improve its Intrarectal Delivery for the Treatment of Malaria.

Background: Previous folkloric and experimental reports have demonstrated the antimalarial efficacy of Azadirachta indica (AZA) extracts. However, one of the major challenges facing its application for the clinical treatment of malaria is the design of an acceptable dosage form.

Objective: Consequently, we developed AZA extract-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for the formulation of suppositories, denoted as nanosuppositories, for intrarectal treatment of malaria.

Enhanced circulation longevity and pharmacodynamics of metformin from surface-modified nanostructured lipid carriers based on solidified reverse micellar solutions.

Metformin hydrochloride (MTH) has been associated with poor/incomplete absorption (50-60%), low bioavailability, short half-life (0.4-0.5 h), high dosage and dose-related side effects.

Solidified Reverse Micellar Solution- (SRMS-) Based Microparticles for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability and Systemic Antifungal Efficacy of Miconazole Nitrate in Immunocompromised Mice.

Purpose: To assess the improvement in oral bioavailability and efficacy in systemic candidiasis treatment of miconazole nitrate (MN) formulations in murine models of candidiasis.

Methods: Selected formulations containing 5% of Softisan + Phospholipon 90H lipid matrix with 3% of MN ( ), 5% of stearic acid + Phospholipon 90H lipid matrix with 3% of MN ( ), and 5% Softisan + stearic acid + Phospholipon 90H with 3% of MN ( ) from the investigation were used for the study. Their acute toxicity was assessed using Lorke's method (with slight modification) while bioavailability was determined using the bioassay method.

Biosurfactant Production Using Mutant Strains of and from Agro-industrial Wastes.

Biosurfactants are applied in drug formulations to improve drug solubility and in some cases, treat diseases. This study is focused on generating, extracting, purifying and then characterizing biosurfactants from bacterial isolates of palm oil wastes and abattoir soil origins. Eight bacteria were isolated from the soil and sludge samples, out of which four (50%) were found to produce biosurfactants.

Improved antimalarial activity of caprol-based nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulating artemether-lumefantrine for oral administration.

Background: Artemether and lumefantrine display low aqueous solubility leading to poor release profile; hence the need for the use of lipid-based systems to improve their oral bioavailability so as to improve their therapeutic efficacy.

Aim And Objective: The objective of this work was to utilize potentials of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for improvement of the oral bioavailability of artemether and lumefantrine combination and to evaluate its efficacy in the treatment of malaria. This study reports a method of formulation, characterization and evaluation of the therapeutic efficacies of caprol-based NLC delivery systems with artemether and lumefantrine.

Development of lipid-based microsuspensions for improved ophthalmic delivery of gentamicin sulphate.

Anterior eye segment disorders are treated with eye drops and ointments, which have low ocular bioavailability necessitating the need for improved alternatives. Lipid microsuspension of gentamicin sulphate was developed for the treatment of susceptible eye diseases. Lipid microsuspensions encapsulating gentamicin sulphate were produced by hot homogenization and evaluated.

Intranasal artesunate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: A convenient alternative to parenteral formulations for the treatment of severe and cerebral malaria.

Early treatment with parenteral antimalarials is key in preventing deaths and complications associated with severe and cerebral malaria. This can be challenging in 'hard-to-reach' areas in Africa where transit time to hospitals with facilities to administer drugs parenterally can be more than 6 h. Consequently, the World Health Organization has recommended the use of artesunate (ATS) suppositories for emergency treatment of patients, however, this treatment is only for children under 6 years.

Formulation and evaluation of transdermal nanogel for delivery of artemether.

Artemether (ART) is second to artesunate in being the most widely used derivatives of artemisinin in combination therapy of malaria. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulations were prepared following our previous report using optimized ART concentration of 0.25 g dissolved in 5% w/v mixture of solid (Gelucire 43/01 and Phospholipon 85G) and liquid (Transcutol) lipids at 90 °C.

Nanovesicle Formulation Enhances Anti-inflammatory Property and Safe Use of Piroxicam.

Background: Enhanced utilization of certain drugs may be possible through the development of alternative delivery forms. It has been observed that NSAIDs have adverse gastrointestinal tract effects such as irritation and ulceration during anti-inflammatory therapy. This challenge may be overcome through nano topical formulations.