Accelerating hologram generation using oriented-separable convolution and wavefront recording planes.

Recently, holographic displays have gained attention owing to their natural presentation of three-dimensional (3D) images; however, the enormous amount of computation has hindered their applicability. This study proposes an oriented-separable convolution accelerated using the wavefront-recording plane (WRP) method and recurrence formulas. We discuss the orientation of 3D objects that affects computational efficiency, which is overcome by reconsidering the orientation, and the suitability of the proposed method for hardware implementations.

Digital holographic particle volume reconstruction using a deep neural network.

This paper proposes a particle volume reconstruction directly from an in-line hologram using a deep neural network (DNN). Digital holographic volume reconstruction conventionally uses multiple diffraction calculations to obtain sectional reconstructed images from an in-line hologram, followed by detection of the lateral and axial positions, and the sizes of particles by using focus metrics. However, the axial resolution is limited by the numerical aperture of the optical system, and the processes are time consuming.

Improvement of an algorithm for displaying multiple images in one space.

Volumetric displays are attracting attention in fields such as media art and digital signage. In previous research, we developed a method to display multiple images in the same space using a volumetric display. However, because of the nature of the algorithm, the images could not be displayed when they contained a pure black image (in which all the pixel values are "0").

Efficient method for fabricating a directional volumetric display using strings displaying multiple images.

In this study, we describe the fabrication of a high-resolution directional volumetric display that can display multiple images in different directions. The display designs can be used to show animations using strings; however, improving the resolution of such displays is difficult. Previously, the arrangement of strings has only been determined experimentally, making fabrication of volumetric displays a challenge.

Convolutional neural network-based data page classification for holographic memory.

We propose a deep-learning-based classification of data pages used in holographic memory. We numerically investigated the classification performance of a conventional multilayer perceptron (MLP) and a deep neural network, under the condition that reconstructed page data are contaminated by some noise and are randomly laterally shifted. When data pages are randomly laterally shifted, the MLP was found to have a classification accuracy of 93.

Autoencoder-based holographic image restoration.

We propose a holographic image restoration method using an autoencoder, which is an artificial neural network. Because holographic reconstructed images are often contaminated by direct light, conjugate light, and speckle noise, the discrimination of reconstructed images may be difficult. In this paper, we demonstrate the restoration of reconstructed images from holograms that record page data in holographic memory and quick response codes by using the proposed method.

Inkjet printing-based volumetric display projecting multiple full-colour 2D patterns.

In this study, a method to construct a full-colour volumetric display is presented using a commercially available inkjet printer. Photoreactive luminescence materials are minutely and automatically printed as the volume elements, and volumetric displays are constructed with high resolution using easy-to-fabricate means that exploit inkjet printing technologies. The results experimentally demonstrate the first prototype of an inkjet printing-based volumetric display composed of multiple layers of transparent films that yield a full-colour three-dimensional (3D) image.

Optical Addressing of Multi-Colour Photochromic Material Mixture for Volumetric Display.

This is the first study to demonstrate that colour transformations in the volume of a photochromic material (PM) are induced at the intersections of two control light channels, one controlling PM colouration and the other controlling decolouration. Thus, PM colouration is induced by position selectivity, and therefore, a dynamic volumetric display may be realised using these two control lights. Moreover, a mixture of multiple PM types with different absorption properties exhibits different colours depending on the control light spectrum.

Image quality improvement for a 3D structure exhibiting multiple 2D patterns and its implementation.

A three-dimensional (3D) structure designed by our proposed algorithm can simultaneously exhibit multiple two-dimensional patterns. The 3D structure provides multiple patterns having directional characteristics by distributing the effects of the artefacts. In this study, we proposed an iterative algorithm to improve the image quality of the exhibited patterns and have verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm using numerical simulations.

Design, implementation and characterization of a quantum-dot-based volumetric display.

In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a volumetric display system based on quantum dots (QDs) embedded in a polymer substrate. Unlike conventional volumetric displays, our system does not require electrical wiring; thus, the heretofore unavoidable issue of occlusion is resolved because irradiation by external light supplies the energy to the light-emitting voxels formed by the QDs. By exploiting the intrinsic attributes of the QDs, the system offers ultrahigh definition and a wide range of colours for volumetric displays.

Three-dimensional volume containing multiple two-dimensional information patterns.

We have developed an algorithm for recording multiple gradated two-dimensional projection patterns in a single three-dimensional object. When a single pattern is observed, information from the other patterns can be treated as background noise. The proposed algorithm has two important features: the number of patterns that can be recorded is theoretically infinite and no meaningful information can be seen outside of the projection directions.

Fast high-resolution computer-generated hologram computation using multiple graphics processing unit cluster system.

To overcome the computational complexity of a computer-generated hologram (CGH), we implement an optimized CGH computation in our multi-graphics processing unit cluster system. Our system can calculate a CGH of 6,400×3,072 pixels from a three-dimensional (3D) object composed of 2,048 points in 55 ms. Furthermore, in the case of a 3D object composed of 4096 points, our system is 553 times faster than a conventional central processing unit (using eight threads).

One-unit system to reconstruct a 3-D movie at a video-rate via electroholography.

We have developed a one-unit system, including creating and displaying a hologram for real-time reproduction of a three-dimensional image via electroholography. We have constructed this one-unit system by connecting a special-purpose computer for holography and a special display board with a reflective liquid crystal display as a spatial light modulator. Using this one-unit system, we succeeded in reproducing a three-dimensional image composed of 10,000 points at a speed of 30 frames per second, which is the video rate in NTSC format.

Simplified electroholographic color reconstruction system using graphics processing unit and liquid crystal display projector.

We have constructed a simple color electroholography system that has excellent cost performance. It uses a graphics processing unit (GPU) and a liquid crystal display (LCD) projector. The structure of the GPU is suitable for calculating computer-generated holograms (CGHs).

HORN-6 special-purpose clustered computing system for electroholography.

We developed the HORN-6 special-purpose computer for holography. We designed and constructed the HORN-6 board to handle an object image composed of one million points and constructed a cluster system composed of 16 HORN-6 boards. Using this HORN-6 cluster system, we succeeded in creating a computer-generated hologram of a three-dimensional image composed of 1,000,000 points at a rate of 1 frame per second, and a computer-generated hologram of an image composed of 100,000 points at a rate of 10 frames per second, which is near video rate, when the size of a computer-generated hologram is 1,920 x 1,080.

Computer generated holography using a graphics processing unit.

We have applied the graphics processing unit (GPU) to computer generated holograms (CGH) to overcome the high computational cost of CGH and have compared the speed of a GPU implementation to a standard CPU implementation. The calculation speed of a GPU (GeForce 6600, nVIDIA) was found to be about 47 times faster than that of a personal computer with a Pentium 4 processor. Our system can realize real-time reconstruction of a 64-point 3-D object at video rate using a liquid-crystal display of resolution 800x600.

Electroholographic display unit for three-dimensional display by use of special-purpose computational chip for holography and reflective LCD panel.

We developed an electroholography unit, which consists of a special-purpose computational chip for holography and a reflective liquid-crystal display (LCD) panel, for a three-dimensional (3D) display. The special-purpose chip can compute a computer-generated hologram of 800x600 grids in size from a 3D object consisting of approximately 400 points in approximately 0.15 seconds.

Special-purpose computer HORN-5 for a real-time electroholography.

In electroholography, a real-time reconstruction is one of the grand challenges. To realize it, we developed a parallelized high performance computing board for computer-generated hologram, named HORN-5 board, where four large-scale field programmable gate array chips were mounted. The number of circuits for hologram calculation implemented to the board was 1,408.