High glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody titers may be associated with a decline in β-cell function over time and future insulin deficiency in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.

Aims: Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is characterized by positive islet-associated autoantibodies including glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA), and gradual decline in insulin secretion, progressing to insulin dependency. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether GADA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GADA-ELISA) titer of ≥180 U/mL could be associated with decline in β-cell function in participants with LADA.

Methods: Sixty-three participants with LADA were recruited and an association between insulin secretion capacity and disease duration was investigated.

Real-world management of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder using satralizumab: Results from a Japanese claims database.

Background: Satralizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, has been approved globally for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), based on positive results from two randomized, double-blind, phase 3 studies: SAkuraSky (NCT02028884) and SAkuraStar (NCT02073279). There remains an unmet need to understand the real-world management of NMOSD, especially in patients undergoing tapering of concomitant therapy. We examined real-world treatment patterns, including concomitant glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, and relapse in satralizumab-treated patients with NMOSD, using a Japanese administrative hospital claims database.

HLA typing of patients who developed subacute thyroiditis and Graves' disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case report.

Background: Cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination have been reported. A human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele, HLA-B*35, appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of SAT.

Case Presentation: We conducted HLA typing of one patient with SAT and another with both SAT and Graves' disease (GD), which developed after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

A patient with ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes showing nearly normalized glucose tolerance after recovery from severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Unlabelled: Unprovoked A-β+ ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes (KPD) is characterized by the sudden onset of diabetic ketosis/ketoacidosis (DK/DKA) without precipitating factors, negative anti-islet autoantibodies ("A- "), and preservation of β-cell function ("β+ ") after recovery from DKA using insulin therapy. However, there have been few reports on glucose tolerance after recovery. We present a case of KPD with nearly normalized glucose tolerance after recovery from severe DKA.

HbA1c level may be a risk factor for oxygen therapy requirement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.

Introduction: Many clinical studies have identified significant predictors or risk factors for the severity or mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. However, there are very limited reports on the risk factors for requiring oxygen therapy during hospitalization. In particular, we sought to investigate whether plasma glucose and HbA1c levels could be risk factors for oxygen therapy requirement.

Clinical Significance of Insulin Peptide-specific Interferon-γ-related Immune Responses in Ketosis-prone Type 2 Diabetes.

Context: Unprovoked A-β+ ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes (KPD) is characterized by the sudden onset of diabetic ketosis/ketoacidosis (DK/DKA) without precipitating factors, negative anti-islet autoantibodies ("A-"), and preservation of β-cell function ("β+") after recovery from DKA. Although this phenotype often appears with acute hyperglycemia and DK/DKA just like acute-onset type 1 diabetes (AT1D), the involvement of anti-islet immune responses remains unknown.

Objective: We sought to clarify the immunological role of insulin-associated molecules in unprovoked A-β+ KPD.

Clinical features resembling subcutaneous insulin resistance observed in a patient with type 2 diabetes and severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia: a case report.

Unlabelled: We report the case of a 52-year-old hyperglycemic woman with type 2 diabetes and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pneumonia, possibly involving the subcutaneous insulin resistance (SIR) syndrome. After admission for pneumonia, her average daily blood glucose (BG) levels remained at 300-400 mg/dL, although the required dosage of subcutaneous insulin markedly increased (~ 150 units/day; ~ 2.63 units/kg/day).

Significance of peripheral mononuclear cells producing interferon-γ in response to insulin B:9-23-related peptides in subtypes of type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is largely caused by β-cell destruction through anti-islet autoimmunity. Reportedly, interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) specific to four insulin B-chain amino acid 9-23-related peptides (B:9-23rPep) were increased in type 1 diabetes participants. This study aimed to investigate the PBMC frequencies in subtypes of type 1 diabetes using enzyme-linked immunospot assay.

Bodyweight threshold for sudden onset of ketosis might exist in ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes patients.

Ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes is recognized as atypical diabetes. These patients are often male, characterized by obesity, sudden onset of ketosis and a transient decrease in insulin secretion capacity that can be recovered with temporal insulin therapy. Here, we report a male patient with ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes who was followed up for 8 years.

Small RNAs detected in exosomes derived from the MH7A synovial fibroblast cell line with TNF-α stimulation.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes the chronic inflammation of the joints. Intercellular communication containing synovial fibroblasts seems to play a major role in RA pathogenesis. In this study, to better understand intercellular communication related to RA pathogenesis, we identified exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from synovial fibroblasts.

Administration of thiamazole for Graves' disease might trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes.

Thiamazole might trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes.

Retrospective evaluation of the clinical characteristics associated with Corynebacterium species bacteremia.

Objectives: Corynebacterium spp. are becoming recognized as pathogens that potentially cause various infections. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics associated with Corynebacterium spp.

Aortic Aneurysm as a Complication of Myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis.

Myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (MPO-AAV) does not usually involve large vessels, such as the aorta. However, we experienced three cases having an aortic aneurysm as a complication of MPO-AAV with renal insufficiency. In one patient it involved the onset of descending aortic dissection during treatment for MPO-AAV; another two patients had an abdominal aortic aneurysm at the time of our diagnosis of MPO-AAV.

Impact of interventions by an antimicrobial stewardship program team on appropriate antimicrobial therapy in patients with bacteremic urinary tract infection.

Background: Inappropriate antimicrobial therapy often leads to poor outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) team on appropriate therapy, in patients with bacteremic urinary tract infection (UTI).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the interventions by the ASP team in 807 patients with bacteremic UTI.

Comparison of the Frequency of Angioedema Attack, before and during Pregnancy, in a Patient with Type I Hereditary Angioedema.

The patient was a 38-year-old Japanese woman who had been diagnosed with hereditary angioedema type I at 7 years of age based on her family history. She had undergone four pregnancies. She gave birth to a healthy baby girl after her first pregnancy and had reported few episodes of angioedema.

Erratum: Precise genome-wide base editing by the CRISPR Nickase system in yeast.

A correction to this Article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Nuclear Pore Complexes: A Scaffold Regulating Developmental Transcription?

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) have a conserved, but poorly understood, role in transcriptional regulation. Recently, in Developmental Cell, Raices et al. argued that tissue-specific nuclear pore proteins (Nups) act as scaffolds that recruit the transcription factor Mef2C to the NPC, promoting transcription of NPC-associated genes during muscle development.

Precise genome-wide base editing by the CRISPR Nickase system in yeast.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been applied to efficient genome editing in many eukaryotic cells. However, the bases that can be edited by this system have been limited to those within the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and guide RNA-targeting sequences. In this study, we developed a genome-wide base editing technology, "CRISPR Nickase system" that utilizes a single Cas9 nickase.

Reconstruction of thermotolerant yeast by one-point mutation identified through whole-genome analyses of adaptively-evolved strains.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as a host strain in bioproduction, because of its rapid growth, ease of genetic manipulation, and high reducing capacity. However, the heat produced during the fermentation processes inhibits the biological activities and growth of the yeast cells. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 19 intermediate strains previously obtained during adaptation experiments under heat stress; 49 mutations were found in the adaptation steps.

Rapid preparation of mutated influenza hemagglutinins for influenza virus pandemic prevention.

Influenza viruses have periodically caused pandemic due to frequent mutation of viral proteins. Influenza viruses have two major membrane glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Hemagglutinin plays a crucial role in viral entry, while NA is involved in the process of a viral escape.

[Association of blood pressure control effects on renal impairment with urinary protein: a study on the validity of the Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for Management of Hypertension 2014].

Background And Objective: Progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to the onset of cardiovascular dis- eases and an increase in the number of patients requiring dialysis initiation. In prder to promote the early detection and treatment of CKD, we assessed the effects of blood pressure control on renal impairment based on common test items and verified the usefulness of the target blood pressure for patients with CKD described in the Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in 2014 (JSH 2014).

Subjects And Methods: Among patients who had been regularly visiting the outpatient clinic of Kasukabe Kisen Hospital for 24 months or more, 67 with a serum creatinine level of 1.