Prognostic value of a composite physiologic index developed by adding bronchial and hyperlucent volumes quantified via artificial intelligence technology.

Background: The composite physiologic index (CPI) was developed to estimate the extent of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients based on pulmonary function tests (PFTs). The CALIPER-revised version of the CPI (CALIPER-CPI) was also developed to estimate the volume fraction of ILD measured by CALIPER, an automated quantitative CT postprocessing software. Recently, artificial intelligence-based quantitative CT image analysis software (AIQCT), which can be used to quantify the bronchial volume separately from the ILD volume, was developed and validated in IPF.

Computed tomography morphological assessments of central airways in interstitial lung abnormalities and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Little is known about whether central airway morphological changes beyond traction bronchiectasis develop and affect clinical outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to compare central airway structure comprehensively between patients with IPF, subjects with interstitial lung abnormality (ILA), and those without ILA (control) using computed tomography (CT). We further examined the prognostic impact of IPF-specific CT airway parameters in patients with IPF.

Prognostic impact of cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on acute exacerbation of fibrosing interstitial lung disease.

Background And Objective: Acute exacerbation of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (AE-FILD) is a serious condition with a high mortality rate. We aimed to comprehensively analyze cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and their association with the clinical course of AE-FILD.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 60 patients with AE-FILD who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage.

Longitudinal changes in mental health outcomes after COVID-19 hospitalization: A prospective study.

Background: The long-term trends of COVID-19 mental sequelae remain unknown. Thus, this study aimed to survey the one-year temporal trends of PTSD and health-related quality of life of COVID-19 survivors.

Methods: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were followed up at three, six, and 12 months after discharge.

Mechanical ventilation for acute exacerbation of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases.

Background: Acute exacerbation of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, is associated with poor prognosis. Accordingly, tracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation are generally avoided in such patients. However, the efficacy of invasive mechanical ventilation for acute exacerbation of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases remains unclear.

Effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy on exercise tolerance in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A randomized crossover trial.

Background And Objective: Exercise capacity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is limited by exercise-induced hypoxaemia. This study aimed to examine the effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) on exercise tolerance in patients with IPF.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre, open-label, randomized crossover trial to compare HFNC and Venturi mask (VM) therapy in terms of exercise tolerance.

Apalutamide-induced severe interstitial lung disease: A report of two cases from Japan.

Apalutamide, a competitive inhibitor of the androgen receptor, is being increasingly used for the treatment of prostate cancer. There have been few reports of interstitial lung disease in clinical trials of apalutamide. However, two cases of apalutamide-induced interstitial lung disease with respiratory failure in Japanese males, who were successfully treated with high-dose corticosteroids, are presented here.

Osimertinib in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer and renal failure undergoing hemodialysis: a case report.

Osimertinib is a key drug for cancer patients with EGFR mutations. However, there is little information about its safety in cancer patients who require hemodialysis (HD) for chronic renal failure, despite notable increases in their numbers. Herein, we examined osimertinib safety in such a patient via pharmacokinetics analysis.