Elucidating the Antiglycation Effect of Creatine on Methylglyoxal-Induced Carbonyl Stress In Vitro.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with multiple structures are formed at the sites where carbonyl groups of reducing sugars bind to free amino groups of proteins through the Maillard reaction. In recent years, it has been highlighted that the accumulation of AGEs, which are generated when carbonyl compounds produced in the process of sugar metabolism react with proteins, is involved in various diseases. Creatine is a biocomponent that is homeostatically present throughout the body and is known to react nonenzymatically with α-dicarbonyl compounds.

Synthesis of Succinonitrile Derivatives by Homocoupling from Cyanohydrin Derivatives with a Low-Valent Titanium Reagent.

A method is described for synthesizing succinonitrile derivatives bearing alkyl or aryl substituents from cyanohydrin derivatives using low-valent titanium. The active species in this reaction is proposed to be a resonance hybrid of the Ti nitrile enolate and Ti alkyl radical.

Synthesis of Methylenebicyclo[3.2.1]octanol by a Sm(II)-Induced 1,2-Rearrangement Reaction with Ring Expansion of Methylenebicyclo[4.2.0]octanone.

Direct conversion of methylenebicyclo[4.2.0]octanone to methylenebicyclo[3.

Polysulfides protect SH-SY5Y cells from methylglyoxal-induced toxicity by suppressing protein carbonylation: A possible physiological scavenger for carbonyl stress in the brain.

The formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is associated with various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, is known to be a major precursor for AGEs in modified proteins. Thus, a scavenger of MG might provide beneficial effects by suppressing the accumulation of AGEs and the occurrence of diseases induced by carbonyl stress.

A simple convenient synthesis of L-[4-13C]glutamine.

L-[4-(13)C]Glutamine was synthesized from sodium [2-(13)C]acetate in 12 steps and 18% overall yield. A Wittig reaction of (R)-benzyl 4-formyl-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine-3-carboxylate and ethyl 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)[2-(13)C]acetate prepared from D-serine and sodium [2-(13)C]acetate, respectively, gave (4S)-4-(2-ethoxycarbonyl[2-(13)C]vinyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine-3-carboxylic acid α,β-isopropylidene group, oxidation of the resulting hydroxyl group to a carboxyl group and transamidation of the ester moiety gave L-N-Cbz-[4-(13)C]glutamine (Cbz = benzyloxycarbonyl). Finally, removal of the Cbz group gave L-[4-(13)C]glutamine.