Spatial and Temporal Relationship between Structural Progression and Disc Hemorrhage in Glaucoma in a 3-Year Prospective Study.

Purpose: To investigate the spatial and temporal relationship between disc hemorrhage (DH) and structural progression in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a 3-year prospective study.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: Patients with POAG and intraocular pressure of ≤18 mmHg on monotherapy with prostaglandin analogs.

Evaluation of anterior chamber angle by van Herick grading and ultrasound biomicroscopy in light and dark conditions for finding appositional angle closure and plateau iris configuration.

Purpose: To evaluate association of the van Herick (VH) grades with the ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) parameters, appositional irido-trabecular contact (A-ITC) and plateau iris (PI) in a randomly sampled population.

Methods: A 10% random sample of all residents aged 40 or older of the Kumejima study underwent UBM under dark and light conditions in the four quadrants of right eyes.

Results: Of 301 right eyes with eligible UBM images, 101 (33.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and relating factors in a rural Japanese population: the Kumejima Study.

Purpose: To report the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and glaucoma associated with PEX (PEX-G) and their relating factors of them in a south-western island of Japan.

Methods: A population-based survey of all residents aged ≥ 40 years was conducted in Kumejima, Okinawa, Japan, and 3762 subjects (participation rate, 81.2%) underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations.

Refractive errors in an elderly rural Japanese population: The Kumejima study.

The prevalence of refractive errors, which closely relates to visual function difficulties, several ocular disorders, and decreased quality of life, varies among countries and populations. One of the highest prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] < -0.5 diopters [D], 41.

Beta-peripapillary atrophy of the optic disc and its determinants in Japanese eyes: a population-based study.

Purposes: To assess β-zone of peripapillary atrophy (β-PPA) and its relationship between systemic and ocular factors, especially glaucoma, in a Japanese population.

Methods: Fundus photographs obtained from 2129 normal, 84 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 10 primary angle closure glaucoma subjects from 3021 participants aged 40 years or older in the Tajimi Study were analysed planimetrically. If both eyes of a subject met inclusion criteria, one eye was randomly chosen.

Morphology of the optic disc in the Tajimi Study population.

Purpose: To assess optic disc morphology and disc-fovea distance (DF)/mean disc diameter (DD) ratio and related factors in Japanese subjects in a population-based setting.

Methods: Digital fundus photographs obtained from 2634 subjects, comprising 87% of 3021 participants aged 40 years or older in the Tajimi Study, a population-based glaucoma survey, were analyzed planimetrically.

Results: The disc size averaged 2.

Reproducibility of Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measurements Evaluated by Circle and Annulus Area With and Without Correction for Ocular Rotation.

Purpose: To compare the reproducibility of annulus area measurements of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLTannulus) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with that of conventional cpRNFLT (cpRNFLTring) measurements and evaluate the effect of correction of ocular rotation on the reproducibility.

Materials And Methods: Peripapillary SD-OCT raster scans were performed on 2 different days in 48 normal subjects and 59 patients with glaucoma using the Topcon OCT-1000. In the raster scan dataset, the cpRNFLTring and cpRNFLTannulus were averaged along a circle (3.

Diagnosis of Early-Stage Glaucoma by Grid-Wise Macular Inner Retinal Layer Thickness Measurement and Effect of Compensation of Disc-Fovea Inclination.

Purpose: To evaluate grid-wise analyses of macular inner retinal layer thicknesses and effect of compensation of disc-fovea inclination for diagnosing early-stage glaucoma.

Methods: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography measurements over a 6.0 × 6.

Correlation of Macular Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness With Frequency-doubling Technology Perimetry in Open-angle Glaucoma With Hemifield Defects.

Purpose: To understand better the relationship between the macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) thickness and visual field sensitivity assessed by frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in the standard automated perimetry (SAP) normal hemifields of glaucomatous eyes, a model of preperimetric stage of glaucoma.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-four eyes of 34 patients with glaucomatous visual field defects restricted to the superior or inferior hemifield were included. Patients underwent the mGCC and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness measurements using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and the FDT testing with N-30 full-threshold protocol.

Diagnostic performance and reproducibility of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurement in 10-degree sectors in early stage glaucoma.

Purpose: To study the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) in a 10°-wide sector using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for diagnostic ability in early stage open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Methods: cpRNFLT measurements (3.4-mm diameter centered on the disc) were obtained from 89 eyes with early stage OAG (mean deviation, -2.

Relationship between macular inner retinal layer thickness and corresponding retinal sensitivity in normal eyes.

Purpose: The correlation between standard automated perimetry (SAP) sensitivity and macular inner retinal layer thickness in eyes with glaucoma is well known. We examined whether the corresponding correlation is also significant in normal eyes.

Methods: One eye of each of 195 normal subjects was included.

Focal relationship between structure and function within the central 10 degrees in glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate which measurements of inner macular thickness are the most useful for evaluating the focal relationship with visual sensitivity within the central 10° in glaucoma and which layers require correction for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) displacement.

Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 subjects with glaucoma were included. Sensitivity of each test point of 10-2 standard automated perimetry was compared with the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), GCL+ inner plexiform layer (IPL), and RNFL+GCL+IPL (GCC), with and without RGC displacement, using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients.

Primary open-angle glaucoma in a population associated with high prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma: the Kumejima Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a rural population of southwestern Japan.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: All residents 40 years of age and older in Kumejima, Okinawa, Japan.

Glaucoma-induced optic disc morphometric changes and glaucoma diagnostic ability of Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II in highly myopic eyes.

Purpose: This study was performed to first investigate the morphological differences in the optic nerve head between highly myopic non-glaucomatous controls and highly myopic glaucomatous eyes in comparison with the differences between emmetropic non-glaucomatous controls and emmetropic glaucomatous eyes using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Further, the ability of the apparatus in glaucoma diagnosis in highly myopic eyes was compared with that in emmetropic eyes.

Methods: Healthy subjects and age-matched patients with early-stage open-angle glaucoma were divided into two groups: emmetropic eyes (-1.

Circle- and grid-wise analyses of peripapillary nerve fiber layers by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in early-stage glaucoma.

Purpose: To study diagnostic performances of circle- and grid-wise analyses of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in early-stage glaucoma.

Methods: Eighty-nine open-angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes (mean deviation: 2.5 ± 1.

Iridotrabecular contact observed using anterior segment three-dimensional OCT in eyes with a shallow peripheral anterior chamber.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and range of iridotrabecular contact (ITC) in eyes with a shallow peripheral anterior chamber (AC) by using anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography (AS-SS-OCT) and to compare the results with those obtained with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and gonioscopy.

Methods: Forty-three shallow peripheral AC eyes in 43 consecutive patients underwent gonioscopy. Cross-sectional images throughout the angle circumference (i.

Reproducibility of thickness measurements of macular inner retinal layers using SD-OCT with or without correction of ocular rotation.

Purpose: To evaluate the intervisit reproducibility of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurement of the macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (mRNFLT); combined ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL) thickness; and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thicknesses (sum of mRNFLT and GCL+IPL thicknesses) compared with that of circumpapillary RNFLT (cpRNFLT) and the effect of ocular rotation on reproducibility.

Methods: SD-OCT imaging was performed twice on different days in one eye of 58 normal subjects and 73 glaucoma patients. The reproducibility was evaluated for the entire 4.

Factors related to future peripheral anterior synechiae formation on ultrasound biomicroscopy: 7-year follow-up in eyes with shallow peripheral anterior chambers.

Purpose: To study factors associated with future peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) formation on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in eyes with a shallow peripheral anterior chamber.

Patients And Methods: Fifteen subjects with a shallow peripheral anterior chamber but no PAS in both eyes, in 2001, that had no medical or surgical intervention until 2008 were included in this study. The same examiners performed gonioscopy and UBM at the 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock limbal positions under dark and light conditions in 2001 and 2008.

Contributing factors for progression of visual field loss in normal-tension glaucoma patients with medical treatment.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic factors responsible for the progression of visual field defects (VFDs) in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) treated with topical antiglaucoma medications.

Patients And Methods: A total of 92 eyes in 92 NTG patients treated with only topical antiglaucoma medications for ≥ 5 years were retrospectively analyzed. To identify subfield-based prognostic factors, the central 30-degree visual field (Humphrey Field Analyzer) was divided into 6 subfields: upper and lower arcuate, paracentral, and cecocentral subfields.

Common variants on chromosome 9p21 are associated with normal tension glaucoma.

Although intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most definitive cause of glaucoma, a subtype of open angle glaucoma (OAG) termed normal tension glaucoma (NTG), which occurs in spite of normal IOP, accounts for a large part of glaucoma cases, especially in Japan. To find common genetic variants contributing to NTG in Japanese patients, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We performed the first screening for 531,009 autosomal SNPs with a discovery cohort of 286 cases and 557 controls, and then a second screening for the top 30 suggestive loci in an independent cohort of 183 cases and 514 controls.

Changes in optic nerve head circulation in response to vasoactive agents: intereye comparison in monkeys with experimental unilateral glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate circulatory changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) in response to vasoactive agents including calcium antagonists, a substrate of nitric oxide (NO), and an inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS) in monkeys with unilateral experimental glaucoma.

Methods: Argon laser cautery to the trabecular meshwork was used to create experimental unilateral glaucoma in nine monkeys. The effects of systemic lomerizine or nilvadipine (calcium-antagonists), L-arginine (a substrate of NO), and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor) on the ONH tissue blood velocity (NB(ONH)) was studied by the laser speckle method.

Comparison of the long-term effects of various topical antiglaucoma medications on meibomian glands.

Purpose: To examine the effects of long-term antiglaucoma eye drop treatment on meibomian glands.

Methods: The subjects were 71 eyes of 71 glaucoma patients (group 1) receiving one type of antiglaucoma eye drops, 61 eyes of 61 glaucoma patients (group 2) receiving two types of antiglaucoma eye drops, and 30 eyes of 30 glaucoma patients (group 3) receiving three types of antiglaucoma eye drops. Controls comprised 75 eyes of 75 healthy volunteers.

Prevalence of primary angle closure and primary angle-closure glaucoma in a southwestern rural population of Japan: the Kumejima Study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and ocular biometry of primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in a rural population in southwestern Japan.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: All residents aged 40 years or older in Kumejima, Okinawa, Japan.

Effects of long-term topical anti-glaucoma medications on meibomian glands.

Objective: To examine effects of long-term topical anti-glaucoma medications on meibomian gland morphology and function and assess their relationship with slit-lamp findings.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational case series of 31 patients with glaucoma (mean age ± standard deviation, 65.0 ± 13.

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of β-zone peripapillary atrophy: influence of myopia and glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of glaucoma and myopia on the cross-sectional configuration of the β-zone of peripapillary atrophy (PPA-β) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: Cross-sectional B-scan images of PPA-β obtained with SD-OCT were evaluated in 100 eyes of 100 consecutive patients with POAG, regardless of intraocular pressure level, and in 100 eyes of 100 normal subjects. PPA bed configurations were classified, and associated factors were studied with multivariate analysis.