Detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders using artificial intelligence-based image analysis.

Background: We aimed to construct an artificial intelligence-based model for detecting oral cancer and dysplastic leukoplakia using oral cavity images captured with a single-lens reflex camera.

Subjects And Methods: We used 1043 images of lesions from 424 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), leukoplakia, and other oral mucosal diseases. An object detection model was constructed using a Single Shot Multibox Detector to detect oral diseases and their locations using images.

Microvascular reconstruction for oral cancer in older adult patients: the impact of age on surgical outcomes.

Objective: Flap complications continue to be a challenge in microsurgical reconstruction for older adults. We aimed to evaluate the impact of age on surgical outcomes after microvascular reconstruction.

Study Design: We retrospectively investigated 103 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who had undergone microvascular reconstruction surgery to compare microsurgical reconstruction, common postoperative complications, and flap success rates in geriatric (>75 years) and non-geriatric (<75 years) patients.

Immunoexpression of SIRT1, 6, and 7 in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of proteins involved in the metabolic process responsible for extending the lifespan. The role of SIRT1, 6, and 7 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia (OLP), one of its precursors, is still elusive. In this study, 82 OLP and 77 OSCC were immunohistochemically examined for SIRT1, 6, and 7.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells are associated with oncogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) help establish the tumor microenvironment by suppressing T-cell response in tumor-bearing hosts. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) activate antigen-specific T cells, thereby, maximizing their antitumor effects. IDO1 is associated with both MDSCs and pDCs and plays a major role in the formation of the tumor-mediated immunosuppressive environment.

Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma metastasizing to the anterior mandibular gingiva: A case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. No standard therapy has been established for advanced disease, which results in poor prognosis. Some cases of PPC metastasizing to mandibular gingiva have been reported, and the involved site in these reports is all unilateral mandible.

Teriparatide with Octacalcium Phosphate Collagen Composite Stimulates Osteogenic Factors.

Octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite (OCPcol) promotes osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, thereby enhancing bone regeneration. Although a newly developed freeze-dried composite of OCPcol and teriparatide (OCPcolTPTD) reinforced bone regeneration more than OCPcol, the mechanism of bone regeneration remains unresolved. In this study, disks containing OCPcolTPTD, OCPcol, or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) col were inserted into rodents with calvarial bone defects, before euthanasia 4 weeks later.

Comparison of different diagnostic imaging techniques for the detection of bone invasion in oral cancers.

Objectives: To evaluate the ability of different imaging modalities to accurately detect bone invasion in oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Patients And Methods: Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, who were scheduled for mandibulectomy or maxillectomy, underwent clinical evaluation using five preoperative imaging diagnosis methods-contrast-enhanced MRI, CT, Tc scintigraphy (Tc scan), FDG-PET CT (PET/CT), and panoramic radiography. The sensitivity and specificity of each modality in detecting bone invasion were calculated by comparing the findings on the images with postoperative histopathological findings.

Wound healing effect of autologous fibrin glue and polyglycolic acid sheets in a rat back skin defect model.

Fibrin glue from autologous plasma may prevent viral infection and allergic reaction. Moreover, this biomaterial contains growth factors such as TGF-β and VEGF that promote reconstruction of the mucous membrane by stimulating fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis. Thus, autologous fibrin glue is predicted to improve healing better than commercial fibrin glue.

Mandible fractures and dental injuries related to road traffic accidents over a 12-year period-Retrospective multicentre study.

Background/aim: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a common cause of maxillofacial injuries. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to investigate the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures and dental injuries that occurred in RTAs in Miyagi, Japan.

Materials And Methods: The records of 404 patients with maxillofacial injuries treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Departments of four different institutions over a period of 12 years were analysed.

Octacalcium phosphate collagen composite stimulates the expression and activity of osteogenic factors to promote bone regeneration.

Objective: This study investigated the bone regenerative properties of an octacalcium phosphate collagen composite (OCP/Col) in a rat calvarial bone defect model.

Design: An OCP/Col or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/Col disk was implanted into the critical-sized calvarial defects and fixed 2 or 4 weeks later. The radiopacity of defects was examined after disk implantation by the radiographic examination and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT).

Immunohistochemical assessment of Eph/ephrin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions.

To evaluate erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph)/Eph receptor-interaction protein (ephrin) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral epithelial precursor lesions (OEPLs), EphA2, EphB4, and ephrinB2 were examined and compared with microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD). Samples from 73 OSCC and 43 OEPLs patients were immunohistochemically analyzed with antibodies against EphA2, EphB4, ephrinB2, CD34, and D2-40. Results were compared with clinicopathological findings.

Immunohistochemical assessment of chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1, geminin, and γ-H2A.X in oral epithelial precursor lesions and squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Carcinogenesis occurs when the cell cycle is compromised. Chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1, geminin, and γ-H2A histone family member X are expressed in cells in G phase, S/G /M phases, and apoptosis, respectively, and these three markers may be useful for histological evaluation of malignant lesions. Here, we aimed to identify cell cycle phases and apoptosis using immunohistochemistry in oral epithelial precursor lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Do Mandibular Third Molars Play a Role in Fractures of the Mandibular Angle and Condyle?

Introduction: The relationship between impacted mandibular third molars with angle and condylar fractures is subject of many publications, yet their conclusions differ widely, hence the authors wanted to investigate this topic in their patients.

Methods: The authors designed a retrospective study including 241 patients who presented with angle and/or mandibular condyle fractures over a 13-year period at the authors' institution. The study variable was the presence/absence of third molars.

Clinical evaluations of complete autologous fibrin glue, produced by the CryoSeal FS system, and polyglycolic acid sheets as wound coverings after oral surgery.

The CryoSeal FS System has been recently introduced as an automated device for the production of complete fibrin glue from autologous plasma, rather than from pool allogenic or cattle blood, to prevent viral infection and allergic reaction. We evaluated the effectiveness of complete autologous fibrin glue and polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet wound coverings in mucosa defect oral surgery. Postoperative pain, scar contracture, ingestion, tongue dyskinesia, and postoperative bleeding were evaluated in 12 patients who underwent oral (including the tongue) mucosa excision, and received a PGA sheet and an autologous fibrin glue covering.

Expression of immunoregulatory molecules PD-L1 and PD-1 in oral cancer and precancerous lesions: A cohort study of Japanese patients.

Objective: An association of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 with various types of malignant tumors has been established. This study aimed to investigate the role of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral epithelial precursor lesions (OEPL).

Materials And Methods: We examined 106 OSCC and 79 OEPL specimens for PD-L1 and PD-1 expression by immunohistochemistry.

Clinical evaluations of autologous fibrin glue and polyglycolic acid sheets as oral surgical wound coverings after partial glossectomy.

Polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets and commercial fibrin glue are commonly used to cover open wound surfaces in oral surgery. Compared to commercial fibrin glue composed of pooled allogeneic blood, autologous fibrin glue is less expensive and poses lower risks of viral infection and allergic reaction. Here, we evaluated postoperative pain, scar contracture, ingestion, tongue dyskinesia, and postoperative bleeding in 24 patients who underwent partial glossectomy plus the application of a PGA sheet and an autologous fibrin glue covering (autologous group) versus 11 patients in whom a PGA sheet and commercial fibrin glue were used (allogeneic group).

Detection of human papillomavirus infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a cohort study of Japanese patients.

Objective: Recent evidence suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a separate HNSCC subgroup with distinct epidemiology, histopathological characteristics, therapeutic response to chemotherapy and radiation, and clinical outcome. This study aimed to investigate the role of HPV infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the correlation between HPV infection, tumor suppressor protein p16 expression, and clinicopathological features in Japanese patients.

Methods: In total, 174 OSCC specimens were examined for p16 levels by immunohistochemistry, and p16-positive OSCCs were analyzed for HPV DNA by in situ hybridization (ISH) and HPV genotypes by real-time PCR.