sp. nov., isolated from anoxic soil under the treatment of reductive soil disinfestation.

Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD), also known as biological soil disinfestation, is a bioremediation method used to suppress soil-borne plant pathogens by stimulating the activity of indigenous anaerobic bacteria in the soil. An anaerobic bacterial strain (E14) was isolated from an anoxic soil sample subjected to RSD treatment and then comprehensively characterized. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-positive, curved to sigmoid, and spore-forming rods.

sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic, propionate-producing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms.

Facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains were isolated from samples of a methanogenic reactor and, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, found to be affiliated with the family in the phylum Four strains with almost-identical 16S rRNA gene sequences were comprehensively characterized. The most closely related species to the strains was BL-34 (96.4 % sequence similarity).

Phylogeny and Physiological Diversity of Cold-adapted Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated from Rice Field Soil in Japan.

Cold-adapted or psychrotrophic fermentative anaerobic bacteria were isolated from rice field soil in a temperate area in Japan using anaerobic enrichment cultures incubated at 5°C. Most isolates were obligately anaerobic, spore-forming rods and affiliated with different lineages of the genus Clostridium based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The growth temperature ranges and physiological properties of three representative clostridial isolates (C5S7, C5S11, and C5S18) were examined.

sp. nov., a plant polysaccharide-decomposing anaerobic bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor.

An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain (WR041) was isolated from a plant residue sample in a methanogenic reactor. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods. JCM 13650 was the closest species of the strain based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing (98.

sp. nov., a chitin-decomposing anaerobic bacterium isolated from anoxic soil subjected to biological soil disinfestation.

An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain (CTTW) belonging to the family within the class was isolated from an anoxic soil sample subjected to biological or reductive soil disinfestation. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-positive, short rods with peritrichous flagella. The strain was saccharolytic and decomposed polysaccharides, chitin, xylan and β-1,3-glucan.

sp. nov., a new β-1,3-glucan-decomposing bacterium isolated from anoxic soil subjected to biological soil disinfestation.

Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) or reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is a bioremediation method used to suppress or eliminate soil-borne plant pathogens by stimulating activities of indigenous anaerobic bacteria of the soil. An anaerobic bacterial strain (TW1) was isolated from an anoxic soil sample subjected to the BSD treatment and comprehensively characterized. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-positive, slightly curved and motile rods producing terminal spores.

β-1,3-Glucanase production as an anti-fungal enzyme by phylogenetically different strains of the genus Clostridium isolated from anoxic soil that underwent biological disinfestation.

Biological (or reductive) soil disinfestation (BSD or RSD) is a bioremediation process to control soil-borne plant pathogens using activities of indigenous bacteria in the soil. Three obligate anaerobic bacterial strains (TW1, TW10, and TB10), which were isolated from anoxic soil subjected to BSD treatments, were examined for their abilities to produce anti-fungal enzymes. All strains were affiliated with the different lineages of the genus Clostridium.

Production of β-1,3-glucanase and chitosanase from clostridial strains isolated from the soil subjected to biological disinfestation.

Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) or anaerobic (reductive) soil disinfestation (ASD/RSD) is a bioremediation method used to eliminate soil-borne plant pathogens by exploiting the activities of anaerobic bacteria in soil. In this study, two obligate anaerobic bacterial strains isolated from BSD-treated soil and identified as Clostridium beijerinckii were examined for their abilities to suppress the spinach wilt disease pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

Role of anaerobic bacteria in biological soil disinfestation for elimination of soil-borne plant pathogens in agriculture.

Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) or reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an environmental biotechnology to eliminate soil-borne plant pathogens based on functions of indigenous microbes. BSD treatments using different types of organic materials have been reported to effectively control a wide range of plant pathogens. Various studies have shown that development of reducing or anoxic conditions in soil is the most important aspect for effective BSD treatments.

Aminipila butyrica gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, arginine-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.

A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (FH042) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. Cells were stained Gram-positive, straight to gently curved rods with polar flagella. The strain was asaccharolytic.

Degradation of the fungal cell wall by clostridial strains isolated from soil subjected to biological soil disinfestation and biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease of spinach.

Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) involves elimination of soil-borne plant pathogens in an environmentally friendly manner. Two anaerobic bacterial strains (H110 and TB8) isolated from BSD-treated soil samples were analyzed for their roles in elimination of pathogenic fungi. The two strains were identified as Clostridium beijerinckii based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic properties.

Description of Anaerotignum aminivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum.

A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods. The optimum temperature for growth was 35 °C, and the optimum pH was 6.

Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste.

A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative curved rods with a polar flagellum. Spores were not produced.

Descriptions of Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. nov. and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species.

Strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods producing terminal spores. The strains were slightly alkaliphilic.

Aminocella lysinolytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a L-lysine-degrading, strictly anaerobic bacterium in the class Clostridia isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle farms.

A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN037(T)) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. Cells were Gram-positive rods. Strain WN037(T) was asaccharolytic.

Description of Propionispira arcuata sp. nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste, reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. nov. and Propionispira paucivorans comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Propionispira.

A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain, WK011(T), was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. The cells stained Gram-negative and were curved rods with a polar or subpolar flagellum. Spore formation was not observed.

Changes and recovery of soil bacterial communities influenced by biological soil disinfestation as compared with chloropicrin-treatment.

Soil bacterial composition, as influenced by biological soil disinfestation (BSD) associated with biomass incorporation was investigated to observe the effects of the treatment on the changes and recovery of the microbial community in a commercial greenhouse setting. Chloropicrin (CP) was also used for soil disinfestation to compare with the effects of BSD. The fusarium wilt disease incidence of spinach cultivated in the BSD- and CP-treated plots was reduced as compared with that in the untreated control plots, showing effectiveness of both methods to suppress the disease.

Anaerocella delicata gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic bacterium in the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle farms.

A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN081(T)) was isolated from rice-straw residue in a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms in Japan. Cells were Gram-staining negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming straight rods. The strain grew rather well on PY agar slants supplemented with a B-vitamin mixture as well as sugars (PYV4S medium) and made translucent and glossy colonies.

Proliferation of diversified clostridial species during biological soil disinfestation incorporated with plant biomass under various conditions.

Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) involves the anaerobic decomposition of plant biomass by microbial communities leading to control of plant pathogens. We analyzed bacterial communities in soil of a model experiment of BSD, as affected by biomass incorporation under various conditions, to find out the major anaerobic bacterial groups which emerged after BSD treatments. The soil was treated with Brassica juncea plants, wheat bran, or Avena strigosa plants, irrigated at 20 or 30 % moisture content and incubated at 25-30 °C for 17 days.

Propioniciclava tarda gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms.

Two facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, designated WR061(T) and WR054, were isolated from rice-straw residue in a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms in Japan. The two strains were phylogenetically positioned close to one another and had almost the same phenotypic properties. Cells were Gram-reaction-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, irregular rods.

Rhizomicrobium palustre gen. nov., sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic, fermentative stalked bacterium in the class Alphaproteobacteria isolated from rice plant roots.

Facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains (A48(T), RR25 and RR54) were isolated from roots of living rice plants in an irrigated rice-field in Japan. The three strains had identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and showed almost the same phenotypic properties examined. Cells of the strains were Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods.

Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus sp. nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms.

A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WK042(T)) was isolated from rice-straw residue in a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms in Japan. Cells were Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods. Growth was stimulated well by haemin, and was enhanced by cobalamin (vitamin B(12)).

Desulfovibrio butyratiphilus sp. nov., a Gram-negative, butyrate-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from an anaerobic municipal sewage sludge digester.

Strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterial strains were isolated from two anaerobic municipal sewage sludge digesters. One representative strain (BSY(T)) was characterized phenotypically and phylogenetically. Cells were Gram-negative, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, non-spore-forming, curved rods.