Clinical subtypes of schizophrenia based on the discrepancies between objective performance on social cognition tasks and subjective difficulties in social cognition.

Intervention for social cognition could be key to improving social functioning in patients with schizophrenia. A first step towards its clinical implementation involves interviewing patients about their subjective difficulties with social cognition as they experience them in the real world. The present study focused on the clinical subtypes classified by the discrepancies between the subjective difficulties in social cognition and actual cognitive impairment.

Hyperthymic temperament predicts neural responsiveness for nonmonetary reward.

Aim: Hyperthymic temperament is a cheerful action orientation that is suggested to have a protective effect on depressive symptoms. We recently reported that hyperthymic temperament can positively predict activation of reward-related brain areas in anticipation of monetary rewards, which could serve as a biomarker of hyperthymic temperament. However, the relationship between hyperthymic temperament and neural responsiveness to nonmonetary rewards (i.

The evaluation study for social cognition measures in Japan: Psychometric properties, relationships with social function, and recommendations.

Aim: Patients with schizophrenia can have significant subjective difficulties in social cognition, but few undergo testing or treatment for social cognition. The Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) study recommends six social cognitive measures; however, the reliability and validity of these measures in different cultural and linguistic areas has not been adequately examined. We examined the psychometric properties of nine social cognitive measures and the relationship to social function, with the aim of determining the level of recommendation for social cognitive measures in clinical practice in Japan.

Feasibility of a wrist-worn wearable device for estimating mental health status in patients with mental illness.

Object: Real-world data from wearable devices has the potential to understand mental health status in everyday life. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of estimating mental health status using a wrist-worn wearable device (Fitbit Sense) that measures movement using a 3D accelerometer and optical pulse photoplethysmography (PPG).

Methods: Participants were 110 patients with mental illnesses from different diagnostic groups.

Assessment of electroencephalography modification by antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders using frontier orbital theory: A preliminary study.

Aim: Schizophrenia is characterized by an abnormality in electroencephalography (EEG), which can be affected by antipsychotic drugs. Recently, the mechanism underlying these EEG alterations in schizophrenia patients was reframed from the perspective of redox abnormalities. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) can be calculated using a computational method and may be useful for evaluating the antioxidant/prooxidant effect of antipsychotic drugs.

Hyperthymic temperament predicts neural responsiveness for monetary reward.

Background: Hyperthymic temperament is cheerful action orientation, and is suggested to have a protective effect on depressive symptoms. Responsiveness for reward, which is diminished in depressive patients, is suggested to be related to hyperthymic temperament. Moreover, neural hypoactivation in the reward system in depressive patients is well known.

Approach to impaired corollary discharge in patients with schizophrenia: An analysis of self-induced somatosensory evoked potentials and fields.

Background: Difficulty in distinguishing between self-generated actions and those generated by others is a core feature of schizophrenia. This is thought to be underpinned by the failure of corollary discharge. However, few studies have investigated these events using somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs).

Subjects with bipolar disorder showed different reward system activation than subjects with major depressive disorder in the monetary incentive delay task.

Background: Differentiating between bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) during the depressive episode is an important clinical challenge. Reward system abnormalities have received much attention as one of the biological underpinnings of BD and MDD, but few studies have directly compared these abnormalities in remitted and depressed states.

Methods: This was a functional MRI study using the Monetary Incentive Delay task in 65 patients (BD [n = 33], MDD [n = 32]) and 33 healthy controls (HC).

Plasma fatty acid-binding protein 7 concentration correlates with depression/anxiety, cognition, and positive symptom in patients with schizophrenia.

Because of the involvement of the brain in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, obtaining information on the biochemical features that directly contribute to symptoms is challenging. The present study aimed to assess fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) expressed specifically in the brain and detectable in the peripheral blood and to investigate the correlation between blood FABP7 concentration and symptoms. We recruited 30, 29, and 35 patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression and evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-21), respectively.

Study Protocol: The Evaluation Study for Social Cognition Measures in Japan (ESCoM).

In schizophrenia, social cognitive impairment is considered one of the greatest obstacles to social participation. Although numerous measures have been developed to assess social cognition, only a limited number of them have become available in Japan. We are therefore planning this evaluation study for social cognition measures in Japan (ESCoM) to confirm their psychometric characteristics and to promote research focused on social cognition.

Quantitative Resting State Electroencephalography in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Treated with Strict Monotherapy Using Atypical Antipsychotics.

Objective: The effect of antipsychotic drugs on quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) has been mainly examined by the administration of a single test dose or among patients using combinations of other psychotropic drugs. We therefore investigated the effects of strict monotherapy with antipsychotic drugs on quantitative EEG among schizophrenia patients.

Methods: Data from 2,364 medical reports with EEG results from psychiatric patients admitted to the Hokkaido University Hospital were used.

Associations between cognitive impairment and illness awareness in fully remitted bipolar outpatients.

The euthymic state of bipolar disorder is often characterized by impaired cognitive function. In this investigation, we hypothesized that subjective cognitive function is impaired and illness awareness is inadequate and we further explored the associations among cognitive complaints, objective cognitive functions, and current illness awareness in Japanese patients. Twenty-seven patients in remission and 27 healthy subjects were recruited in this study.

Impact of a Rice-Centered Diet on the Quality of Sleep in Association with Reduced Oxidative Stress: A Randomized, Open, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial.

Previously, we found that a Japanese diet was associated with psychological status, and a combination of rice and miso was related to mental and physical health. We hypothesized that the intake of a rice-based diet affected mental and physical health and aimed to investigate the consequences of a dietary intervention with rice. We conducted a randomized, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial that included 60 participants, who were randomly assigned to receive either rice-based meals or meals with other cereals for three daily meals over 2 months.

Associations between cognitive impairment and P300 mean amplitudes in individuals with bipolar disorder in remission.

Cognitive functions are often affected during the euthymic state of bipolar disorder (BD). In this study, we investigated the associations among cognitive complaints, objective cognitive functions, and the mean amplitudes of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) wave in individuals with BD. The study population comprised 33 individuals with BD who were in remission and was conducted at Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.

Associations between cognitive impairment and quality of life in euthymic bipolar patients.

During the euthymic state in bipolar disorder, cognitive functions often remain affected. Specifically, subjective and objective cognitive impairment might distinctly affect patients' quality of life (QoL); however, this question had not been examined previously in Japanese patients. Therefore, the current study investigated the associations between cognitive complaints, QoL, and objective cognitive functions.